引入肺炎球菌结合疫苗后的肺炎链球菌血清型分布

M. Malcheva
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引用次数: 0

摘要

由于肺炎球菌结合疫苗的广泛引入,肺炎链球菌血清型正在发生变化。监测研究已证明在监测这些疫苗效果方面是有价值的。肺炎链球菌对其人类宿主具有高度适应性,主要在儿童上呼吸道粘膜表面定植。由于自然获得的适应性免疫记忆的发展,携带在生命的头2年减少。大多数血清型不会引起严重疾病,但少数会导致严重的肺炎球菌感染。据估计,10种最常见的血清型导致了全世界60%以上的侵袭性疾病。肺炎链球菌的毒力因子是多糖囊,导致侵袭性肺炎球菌病的菌株中没有非囊化菌株。血清型的患病率因患者的年龄组和地理区域而异。PCV实施的差异导致血清型分布的变化和由疫苗类型引起的疾病的显著减少。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINES
Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes are changing due to the widely introduced pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Surveillance studies have proven valuable in monitoring these vaccine effects. S. pneumoniae is highly adaptable to its human reservoir and colonises mucosal surfaces of upper airways mainly in children. Carriage decreases during the first 2 years of life because of the development of naturally acquired adaptive immune memory. Most of the serotypes do not cause serious illnesses but few of them are responsible for severe pneumococcal infections. Ten of the most common serotypes are estimated to cause over 60% of invasive diseases worldwide. The virulence factor of S. pneumoniae is the polysaccharide  capsule as non-encapsulated strains are absent among the strains causing invasive pneumococcal disease. Prevalence of serotypes differs depending on the age group and geographic area of patients. Differences in PCV implementation lead to changes in serotype distribution and to significant reduction of disease caused by vaccine types.
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