Potassium Channels and Pain

The K+ channel family is one of the most complex families of ion channels. The diversity of this channel family is a real challenge for the study of pain. Potassium channels form the largest family of ion channels in mammals, with more than 80 genes encoding α subunits in humans. Their differences in structures and functions divide them into four families, all of which are expressed in somatosensory neurons and supporting glial cells. The opening of K+ channels hyperpolarizes the plasma membrane, which opposes excitation of the neuron by all other depolarizing channels. K+ channels are very efficient regulators of the electrical activity of sensory neurons and of pain perception. Their potential for the development of antinociceptive pharmacology is immense.