从乌克兰国家大厦回顾展看民族文化的存在表现

Y. Prysiazhniuk, Lyudmyla Vovkochyn
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引用次数: 0

摘要

英国政治学家安德鲁·威尔逊(Andrew Wilson)和其他知识分子的功绩在于,在20 - 21世纪之交,民主世界了解到东欧存在着一个“意想不到的”民族——乌克兰人。即使在今天,也很少有人想到这个社区在种族背景下仍然鲜为人知。与此同时,一些文化学家、历史学家、民族学家、心理学家和宗教学者试图强调其独特性,却一再遭到人文学科自身的系统性抵制。此外,虽然苏联历史学家否认乌克兰的文化认同,因为他们有义务优先考虑“先进的俄罗斯人民”,但后现代史学的现代支持者并不把他们当作一个民族来对待,因为他们不喜欢“有害的”种族中心主义。研究的目的是试图在国家形成的历史回顾的基础上,找出乌克兰人内心世界的存在属性。偶尔注意到他们可能突然“出现”,不仅作为一个国家,而且作为一个种族群体。研究方法的基础是一个完整的方法。这意味着“因”和“果”可以是不同领域甚至不同历史时代的特征。这样的分析在理论综合中是可能的,当它基于作为集体未知(原型)载体的人们固有的社会结构、思想和经验的心理根源时。民族的生存秩序最能体现在心态上。生命的意义是世界观、世界知觉和世界理解的模式化主导,是一种整体融合的形态。为了理解民族文化的存在表现(在回顾国家形成的背景下),重要的是要考虑到:“乌克兰”集体原则的使命是向个人施加压力。而把这一点带入民族中,不仅是东西方文化的兼收并蓄,而且是其特征中固有的原始心理特征——自然的自发性、生物心理取向等。作者已经证明,人们经常对人民的指责有另一个收件人-精英,他们坚定地“依附”于民族群体。乌克兰的国家精英素质低下,在历史危机时期尤为严重,这在生活的精神层面上得到了合乎逻辑的解释,甚至是“正当理由”。另一件事是,几个世纪以来,它一直阻止解决重大的国家任务,并将其作用局限于平庸的夺取权力。改变这种局面需要政治“天才”,他们能够更广泛地从战略上思考和行动。他们必须了解其人民的价值观、心态和民族文化的必要性。乌克兰在早期现代主义和现代主义时期的国家建设历史仍然让欧洲读者感到惊讶,有时甚至是最亲密的邻居。研究表明,如果他们对这一点的了解始于对乌克兰民族文化存在表现形式的详细研究,就会更容易达成相互理解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Existential Manifestations of Ethnic Culture in the Context of the Retrospective of the Ukrainian State Building
The merit of the British political scientist Andrew Wilson and other intellectuals is that at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries the democratic world learned about the existence in Eastern Europe of an «unexpected» nation – the Ukrainians. Even today, few people think about the fact that this community remains little known in the ethnic context. At the same time, attempts by some culturologists, historians, ethnologists, psychologists, and religious scholars to emphasize its uniqueness have repeatedly met with systemic resistance from the humanities themselves. Moreover, while Soviet historians denied Ukrainian cultural identity because of their obligation to give priority to the «advanced Russian people», modern proponents of the postmodern history of historiography do not treat them as an ethnos with due respect for their dislike of «harmful» ethnocentrism as such. The aim of the research is to try to find out the existential properties of the inner world of Ukrainians on the basis of the historical retrospective of state formation. Noting on occasion that they may suddenly «emerge» not only as a nation but also as an ethnic group. The basis of the research methodology is a holonomic approach. This means that «cause» and «consequence» can be characteristic features from different fields and even historical epochs. Such an analysis is possible within the theoretical synthesis, when it is based on the mental rootedness of social constructs, ideas, experiences that are inherent in people as carriers of the collective unknown (archetypes). The existential order of the ethnos is best represented by the mentality. It is the integral-syncretic formation in which the meanings of life are the modeling dominant of worldview, world perception and world understanding. In an effort to understand the existential manifestations of ethnic culture (in the context of the retrospective of state formation), it is important to take into account: the vocation of the «Ukrainian» collective principle to put pressure on the individual. And to bring this into the ethnic not only eclectic mix of Western and Eastern cultures, but also the original mental traits inherent only in its characteristics – natural spontaneity, biopsychological orientation and etc. The authors have proved that the reproaches that are often addressed to the people have another addressee – the elite, which is firmly «attached» to the ethnic group. The low quality of state elites in Ukraine, which was especially acute during periods of historical crises, receives a logical explanation and even «justification» at the mental level of life. Another thing is that for centuries it has prevented the solution of fateful state tasks, and limited its role to the banal seizure of power. Changing the situation requires political «geniuses» who are able to think and act strategically more broadly. They must understand the values, the mentality of their people, the imperatives of its ethnic culture. The history of Ukrainian state-building in the period of early modernism and modernism still amazes European readers, sometimes even the closest neighbors. The research showed that if their acquaintance with this began with a detailed study of the existential manifestations of the ethnic culture of Ukrainians, it would be much easier to reach mutual understanding.
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