战争期间的城堡和其他文化遗产:挑战和威胁

O. Vladymyr
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摘要

文章揭示了城堡和其他乌克兰建筑和文化遗产在形成公民民族认同中的作用。城堡和其他文化遗产被认为是国家记忆的地方,作为我国历史事件和国家形成阶段的证据,作为建筑和文化遗址,可以再现和分析我国不同时代的国家和文化形成的艺术和风格趋势。研究了我国不同时期城堡建筑的使用趋势,包括战争时期。人们发现,战争期间存在的城堡和宫殿面临着各种风险。首先,作为建筑遗产的建筑物可能会被轰炸或其他敌对行动摧毁。第二,将城堡和宫殿建筑用于其他目的,在其房舍内举行各种非文化活动,对其存在的未来产生非常不利的影响。第三,博物馆展品和其他可移动文化遗产受到抢劫、盗窃和驱逐到占领者领土的威胁。文章还考虑了乌克兰城堡和其他文化遗产所面临的其他问题。首先,对保护古建筑古迹不受破坏的重视不够,保护和修复工作缺乏足够的资金,具有相应资质水平的修复人员数量不足。本文考察了自俄罗斯军队全面入侵我国领土以来,俄罗斯占领者对乌克兰文化遗产遗址造成的破坏程度。本文回顾了在乌克兰发生武装冲突时保护文化财产的主要文件。《发生武装冲突时保护文化财产公约》(1954年5月14日)第3条规定的主要行动被认为是为了保护文化财产免受武装冲突对我们土地的军事攻击的影响。这篇文章证实,乌克兰不仅需要保护城堡和其他文化遗产免受战争威胁和犯罪,而且需要在和平时期保护城堡和其他文化遗产。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Castles and other objects of cultural heritage during the war: challenges and threats
The role of castles and other objects of architectural and cultural heritage of Ukraine in the formation of national identity of citizens are reveals in the article. Castles and other cultural heritage sites are considered as places of national memory, as evidence of historical events and stages of state formation of our country, as architectural and cultural sites that can reproduce and analyze artistic and stylistic trends in different eras of state and cultural formation of our people as well. Trends of castle buildings use in different periods of formation of our state, including during the war, are studied. The existence of castles and palaces during the war was found to be subject to various risks. First, buildings as an architectural heritage can be destroyed by bombing or other hostilities. Secondly, the use of castle and palace buildings for other purposes, to hold various non-cultural events in their premises, has a very detrimental effect on the future of their existence. Third, museum exhibits and other objects of movable cultural heritage are under the threat of looting, theft and deportation to the territory of the occupier. The article also considers other problems faced by castles and other cultural heritage sites of Ukraine. These are, first of all, insufficient attention to the preservation of ancient architectural monuments from destruction, lack of sufficient funding for conservation and restoration work, insufficient number of restorers of the appropriate qualification level. The article examines the amount of damage caused by the russian occupiers to the cultural heritage sites of Ukraine since the full-scale invasion of our lands by russian troops. The article reviews the main documents governing the protection of cultural property in the event of an armed conflict in Ukraine. The main actions under Article 3 of the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (May 14, 1954) are considered to be taken to protect cultural property from the effects of armed conflict on military attack on our lands. The article substantiates the need to protect castles and other cultural heritage sites of Ukraine not only from war threats and crimes, but also in peacetime.
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