Review paper on wind power impact on operation of reserves

This paper reviews studies concerning new challenges for European transmission system operators (TSOs) when operating primary, secondary and tertiary reserves in a system with large amounts of wind power. The review adopts three perspectives. First, the impact on existing markets is discussed and it is shown that need for additional reserve requirements does not necessarily mean need for new reserve capacity. Secondly, possible designs of improved load-frequency control schemes are presented. The proposed solutions exhibit a trend towards market-based procurement mechanisms and automation of reserve operations. Finally, participation of wind power in load-frequency control is examined. Technical designs are presented for participation in primary control.