如何建立失踪人员搜寻机制:墨西哥的经验教训

Volga de Pina Ravest
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在本章中,伏尔加·德·皮纳分析了墨西哥在2017年通过《强迫失踪人员一般法》、《私人失踪行为法》和《国家寻人制度》后建立的寻人机制的主要特征。2017年《普通法》是失踪者亲属网络、墨西哥非政府组织、专家和国际机构长期游说过程的结果,他们直接参与了对其内容的界定。出现的模式将搜查与刑事调查分开,并强调寻找失踪人员,这是亲属的主要优先事项。通过这一机制,扩大了国家的搜查义务。为了实现这一目标,制定了失踪和失踪人员的新定义、全国搜寻委员会和该国32个州的地方委员会以及具体工具和协调系统。这个设计直接来自于亲属寻找家人的经历。de Pina对这一进程的看法是基于她参与了对《一般法》的讨论,以及她作为向该机制提供咨询和监督的公民委员会成员的经历。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
How to Create a Search Mechanism for Disappeared Persons: Lessons from Mexico
In this chapter, Volga de Pina analyses the principal characteristics of the search mechanism created in Mexico with the adoption of the 2017 General Law of Forced Disappearance of Persons, Disappearance committed by Private Parties, and the National System of Search for Persons. The 2017 General Law was the result of a long lobbying process by networks of relatives of disappeared persons, Mexican non-governmental organisations, experts, and international agencies, that participated directly in defining its contents. The model that emerged separates the search from criminal investigation and places emphasis on locating disappeared persons, the main priority of the relatives. With this mechanism, the state’s obligations related to search are widened. To accomplish that goal, new definitions of disappeared and missing persons, a National Search Commission and local commissions in thirty-two states in the country, and specific tools and coordination systems were developed. The design emerged directly out of relatives’ experiences in searching for their family members. The observations that de Pina makes about the process is based on her participation in the discussion of the General Law and her experiences as a member of the Council of Citizens who advised and supervised the mechanism.
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