Effects of Tobacco smoking on immune response: A Review

Tobacco smoking causes a variety of illnesses, the most common of which is ''Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease'' (COPD), and has a severe influence on one's health.Tobacco consists of nearly 7000 toxic chemicals, including free radicals and oxidizing agents. The impact of smoking on research is being done on both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Adaptive and innate immune systems affected by smoking include T helper cells, regulatory cells, memory T/B lymphocytes and DCs, macrophages, NK cells, respectively. Smokers are showing highly different values of parameters like several NK cells, cytokines, leukocytes, granulocytes, monocytes etc., from controls. As a result, immunological responses are impeded and cellular and molecular processes are permanently impaired.