临床微生物实验室分离血液病原体的新兴血液培养技术

T. Dilnessa, Gebresilasie Demeke Getachew Mengistu, A. Bitew
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引用次数: 10

摘要

血流感染(bsi)是患者发病和死亡的重要原因。全世界每年约有2000万例严重败血症病例。快速准确地识别病原是至关重要的,能够启动病原体特异性抗生素治疗和降低死亡率,并减少住院时间和医院费用。这些鉴定技术应用于各种新兴的血液培养技术。本文综述并介绍了目前可用的技术和传统实验室诊断血流感染的不同策略。基于它们的能力,这些技术可以是手动的、半自动的或全自动的。考虑到血液培养在血流感染诊断和管理中的重要性,了解这些技术的原理、技术要求和局限性是谨慎和相关的。目前,有各种新兴的血培养技术用于血流感染的诊断和药敏试验。其中包括API、BBL系统、BACTEC系统、VITEK系统、BacT/Alert、BacT/Alert 3D和Versa TREK系统。这些系统依靠不同的检测原理和培养环境来检测微生物。诊断实验室细菌鉴定和药敏试验仪器的选择依赖于速度、准确性、易用性和成本等因素。所有已上市的识别系统都是基于五种不同技术中的一种或它们的组合。这些包括以ph为基础的反应、以酶为基础的反应、碳源的利用、细菌生长的目测或挥发性脂肪酸的检测。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Emerging Blood Culture Technologies for Isolation of Blood Pathogens at Clinical Microbiology Laboratories
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients. Around 20 million cases of severe sepsis arise each year worldwide. Rapid and accurate identification of the etiologic pathogen is crucial to be able to initiate pathogen specific antibiotic therapy and decrease mortality rates, and for reducing length of hospitalization and hospital costs. These identification techniques are applied on various emerging blood culture techniques. This review summarized and presented the currently available technologies and different strategies of conventional laboratory diagnostic steps for blood stream infection. Based on their capability these techniques can be manual, semi-automated or fully automated. Considering the importance of blood cultures in diagnosis and management of bloodstream infections, it is prudent and relevant to understand the principles, technical requirements and limitations of these technologies. Nowadays, there are various emerging blood culture techniques for the diagnosis of blood stream infections and drug susceptibility testing. Among these are API, the BBL systems, the BACTEC systems, the VITEK systems, the BacT/Alert, the BacT/Alert 3D and the Versa TREK system can be mentioned. These systems depend on various detection principles and cultural environments to detect microorganisms. The selection of instrument for the identification and susceptibility testing of bacteria in diagnostic laboratory rely on speed, accuracy, ease of use and cost factors. All marketed identification systems are based on one of five different technologies or a combination of them. These include pH-based reactions, enzyme-based reactions, utilization of carbon sources, visual detection of bacterial growth, or detection of volatility fatty acids.
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