Optimal active control of a wave energy converter

This paper investigates optimal active control schemes applied to a point absorber wave energy converter within a receding horizon fashion. A variational formulation of the power maximization problem is adapted to solve the optimal control problem. The optimal control method is shown to be of a bang-bang type for a power take-off mechanism that incorporates both linear dampers and active control elements. We also consider a direct transcription of the optimal control problem as a general nonlinear program. A variation of the projected gradient optimization scheme is formulated and shown to be feasible and computationally inexpensive compared to a standard NLP solver. Since the system model is bilinear and the cost function is non-convex quadratic, the resulting optimization problem is not a convex quadratic program. Results will be compared with an optimal command latching method to demonstrate the improvement in absorbed power. Time domain simulations are generated under irregular sea conditions.