转喻

P. Schumacher
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本章讨论转喻,一种通过与实体具有特定语义或概念关系的表达来指代实体的操作(例如,“火腿三明治”指餐馆的顾客,“木龟”指架子上的物体)。讨论了转喻的不同类型和交际功能,并从同音、多义等指称歧义中对转喻进行了描述。本章回顾了实时处理、习得和语言障碍的实验证据,并说明了离散的认知过程参与了扩展意义的构成。它提出了一种基于神经认知概况的指称歧义分类,并表明不同类型的歧义可能与意义交替的历时性发展有关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Metonymy
This chapter addresses metonymy, an operation that is used to refer to an entity by means of an expression that has a particular semantic or conceptual relation to that entity (e.g. ‘the ham sandwich’ referring to a customer at a restaurant or ‘the wooden turtle’ referring to an object on a shelf). It discusses different types and communicative functions of metonymy and delineates it from other referential ambiguities such as homonymy and polysemy. The chapter reviews experimental evidence from real-time processing, acquisition, and language disorder and illustrates that discrete cognitive processes are involved in the constitution of extended meanings. It presents a classification of referential ambiguities based on neurocognitive profiles and suggests that the different types of ambiguities may be linked to the diachronic development of meaning alternations.
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