乌克兰语、波兰语和英语的指称专门化谓词:功能维度

R. Nazarchuk
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引用次数: 1

摘要

基于乌克兰语、波兰语和英语文本的词典和语料库,研究重点是指称专门的言语谓词的对象关系。概括了语言学发展的现阶段,关于动词性谓语概念研究和宾语在表达结构中的作用认识的一系列理论问题。结果表明,本文的相关性是由其与语言单位的范式和句法相互作用的基本问题的联系决定的,并且是由于缺乏对分别基于乌克兰语、波兰语和英语的言语谓词与其对象的关系的全面语义功能研究,以及在对比方面的研究。乌克兰语、波兰语和英语的动词性谓语是根据对象名称的指称分类类别来表征的,每个类别代表物质的一种或另一种物理性质。经确定,最具代表性的群体是流动性(在乌克兰语中占29.5%,波兰语占24.1%,英语占总单位数的23%),最少的动词谓语形成气态群体(2,6%,5,5%,4,6%)。可以观察到,指称专门化动词与其对象名称的功能关联是相当广泛的;它既可以是一般的,也可以是最大限度确定的,因此在所研究的谓词中,区分了以下几组动词:1)非特定专用性动词,通常反映物质的特定物理特性;2)绝对专门化动词,反映物质的唯一可能类型;3)具有双重专门化的动词,其语义是实体的一个特征。这表明,某些功能-拟声动词组,反射倾向于对象的所有表现形式的物质性,不构成一个严格的组织。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
REFERENTIALLY SPECIALISED VERBAL PREDICATES OF THE UKRAINIAN, POLISH, AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES: FUNCTIONAL DIMENSION
Based on dictionaries and corpora of texts of the Ukrainian, Polish, and English languages the research focused on object relations of referentially specialised verbal predicates. A set of theoretical issues related to the study of the concept of verbal predicate and the knowledge of the role of the object in the structure of expression at the present stage of linguistics development is generalised. It is shown that the relevance of the paper is determined by its connection with the fundamental problem of interaction of paradigmatics and syntagmatics of language units, and is due to the lack of comprehensive semantic-functional studies of relations of verbal predicates with their objects based on the Ukrainian, Polish, and English languages separately, as well as in the contrastive aspect. The verbal predicates of Ukrainian, Polish, and English are characterised according to reference-taxonomic classes of the names of objects, each of which represents one or another physical property of the substance. It was determined that the most represented group was fl uidity (29,5 % in the Ukrainian language, 24,1 % in the Polish, 23 % in the English of the total number of units), the least verbal predicates form the gaseousness group (2,6 %, 5,5 %, 4,6 %). It is observed that the functional correlation of referentially specialised verbs with the names of their objects is quite broad; it can be both general and maximally determined, so within the studied predicates, the following groups of verbs were distinguished: 1) verbs of non-specifi c specialisation, generally refl ecting a particular physical characteristic of the substance; 2) verbs of absolute specialisation, refl ecting the only possible type of the substance; 3) verbs of doublet specialisation, the semantics of which is a characteristic of the substance. It is shown that certain functional-onomasiological groups of verbs, refl ectively disposed to the materiality of the object in all its manifestations, do not constitute a rigid organisation.
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