大型电网的灾难性空间天气风险

Chunming Liu, Lian-guang Liu, Xiangzhi Niu
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引用次数: 7

摘要

在地球表面的技术网络中流动的地磁感应电流(GIC)是空间天气的地面效应。在地磁风暴期间,这种电流在变压器中引起偏置磁通,导致半周期饱和。励磁电流严重畸变,含有大量谐波,威胁着其他设备甚至整个电力系统的安全运行。本文讨论了变压器中性点电流测量数据与磁记录之间的相关性,并证明了一些变压器的剧烈振动和噪声增加现象是由GIC引起的。因此,本文清楚地表明,即使在低纬度地区,GIC振幅也可以相当大。平面波法计算结果与岭澳核电站地电场实测数据吻合较好,表明平面波法计算中低纬度地区地电场具有一定的精度。在中国,增加GIC风险的因素显然包括互联高压系统的非常大的尺寸和小的电阻。与目前的500千伏电网相比,正在规划和建设的1000千伏特高压电网的GIC水平可以预期更高。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Disastrous space weather risk on large-scale power grid
Geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) flowing in technological networks at the Earth's surface are ground effects of space weather. During geomagnetic storms, such currents cause bias fluxes in transformers, resulting in half-cycle saturation. Severely distorted exciting currents which contain enormous amounts of harmonics threaten the safe operation of other equipment and even the whole power system. This paper discusses the correlation between current data measured in transformer neutrals and magnetic recordings, and proves that severe vibrations and increased noise phenomena in some transformers are caused by GIC. This paper thus clearly shows that GIC amplitude can be quite large even if in low latitude areas. The fact that calculated results of GIC match well with measured GIC data at the Ling'ao nuclear power plant shows that the Plane Wave Method can satisfy a certain precision in the calculation of the geoelectric field in mid-low latitude regions. Factors increasing GIC risks in China obviously include the very large size and small resistances of the interconnected high-voltage system. Compared to the present 500 kV grid, the GIC level of the 1000 kV UHV network being planned and constructed can be expected to be higher.
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