乌克兰小企业:评估社会经济先决条件和发展障碍

G. Yurchik
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摘要

文章指出,国家社会经济发展的一个重要因素是商业部门的发展,特别是小企业的发展。这突出表明有必要研究乌克兰的社会经济先决条件以及小企业的形成和实现潜力的状况。本文分析了小企业的量化指标(包括与欧盟的比较)。根据综合各种调查和监测的结果,在乌克兰开展业务的主要障碍是公民购买力低、与大流行病有关的限制性措施、财政压力以及来自政府机构的压力以及腐败。可以确定的是,根据中小企业政策指数,尽管乌克兰的商业部门环境有所改善,但与东部伙伴关系国家相比,乌克兰的商业活动条件仍然不太有利。根据对乌克兰根据多项指标的评级位置的分析,可以确定,根据对腐败和经济自由的感知指数,我们的国家对小企业的发展表现出最不利的条件。在表明乌克兰小企业形成和实现潜力的条件有所改善的趋势中,乌克兰在营商便利指数和纳税便利指数上的评级地位有所提高。事实证明,乌克兰的小企业贷款条件虽然有所改善,但仍然不利,阻碍了小企业的发展。形成和实现小企业潜力的一个重要工具是其赠款支持,这是欧盟为乌克兰提供赠款的最重要伙伴。事实证明,乌克兰拥有完善的基础设施来支持小企业,但其运作的形式相当普遍。根据监管活动中遵守可预测性原则的标准,大多数政府机构表现出相当低的可预测性,这对商业发展是一种阻碍,因为它增加了商业环境的不确定性。事实证明,尽管存在一些问题和阻碍小企业发展的因素,但乌克兰在小企业潜力的形成、发展和实现方面具有相当多的优势和机会。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
SMALL ENTERPRISE IN UKRAINE: ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PREREQUISITES AND OBSTACLES FOR DEVELOPMENT
The article substantiates an important factor in the socio-economic development of the state is the development of the business sector in general and small businesses in particular. This highlights the need to study the socio-economic preconditions and the state of formation and realization of the potential of small business in Ukraine. The article analyzes the quantitative indicators of small businesses (including those compared to the EU). According to the results of generalizing various surveys and monitoring, the main barriers to doing business in Ukraine are the low purchasing power of citizens, restrictive measures in connection with the pandemic, fiscal pressure, as well as pressure from government agencies, and corruption. It is established that according to the SME policy index, Ukraine, despite some improvement in the environment for the business sector, still has less favorable conditions for business activity compared to the Eastern Partnership countries. Based on the analysis of Ukraine’s rating positions according to a number of indices, it has been established that our state demonstrates the most unfavorable conditions for the development of small businesses according to the index of perception of corruption and economic freedom. Among the trends that indicate the improvement of conditions for the formation and realization of the potential of small business in Ukraine is the increase of Ukraine’s rating position on the indices of ease of doing business and ease of paying taxes. It is proved that the conditions of small business lending in Ukraine, although showing some improvement, still remain unfavorable and hinder the development of small businesses. An important tool for the formation and realization of the potential of small business is its grant support, the most important partner in providing which for Ukraine in the EU. It is proved that Ukraine has a well-developed infrastructure to support small businesses, but the formality of its operation is quite common. According to the criterion of compliance with the principle of predictability in regulatory activities, most government agencies show a fairly low level of predictability, which is a deterrent to business development, as it increases the uncertainty of the business environment. It is proved that despite the presence of a number of problems and deterrents for small business development, Ukraine has a significant number of strengths and opportunities for the formation, development, and realization of small business potential.
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