Effects of Vitamin B12 Deficiency on the Central Nervous System

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin, not synthesized by the human body, present in foods of animal origin, performing important metabolic and neurotrophic functions. Its deficiency is very common among the elderly, vegetarians and individuals who have a problem with gastrointestinal absorption or adopt a low-protein diet. The present study aims to demonstrate the effects on the nervous system caused by the lack of vitamin B12. The work was carried out through a bibliographical review, through the reading of scientific articles selected in databases, in addition to reference materials in the area. As a result, it was found that the vitamin B12 deficit has consequences such as changes in the Central Nervous System (CNS), responsible for neurological/psychiatric illnesses, such as depression, peripheral neuropathy, behavioral changes, cognitive degeneration, leading to dementia, in addition to disorders hematologic.