Людмила Довгополюк, Наталія Неізвестна, Наталія Соловйова, Віктор Чайчевський
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摘要

众所周知,对大地测量工程质量的要求正在迅速增长。对大地测量工程总体技术水平的不断提高,大地测量产品的可靠性、准确性、可制造性的要求也越来越高。大地测量工作的准确性问题至关重要,因为它们最终决定了大地测量网和大地测量的质量水平和可靠性。在评估测量的可靠性和准确性时,主要是根据工程规定的技术要求和公差,选择完善的大地测量工作方法和合适的仪器设备。今天的现代大地测量仪器是高科技的产物,它结合了电子、精密机械、光学、材料科学等科学的最新进展。进步不会停滞不前,经过多年测试的模拟设备被现代数字和激光设备所取代。对大地测量工程有更多的要求。它们必须尽快执行,并具有较高的准确性。本文研究了现代大地测量设备的三种类型,即:电子经纬仪、全站仪和激光测距仪。为了详细分析,采用了几家领先制造商的设备的技术特征:徕卡,Topcon, Sokkia, SOUTH, BOSCH。揭示了它们的优点和缺点,无论是在总体上还是在相互比较中。分析了最相关的应用领域和使用特点。尽管现代大地测量仪器种类繁多,但它们的价格和质量的比例问题仍然具有相关性。对技术特性的详细研究,考虑到设备的应用范围,使专家能够做出最合适的选择。正确选择进行大地测量的设备直接影响到工作的准确性、速度和成本。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
АНАЛІЗ ТЕХНІЧНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК СУЧАСНИХ ГЕОДЕЗИЧНИХ ПРИЛАДІВ
It is known that the requirements for the quality of geodetic works are growing rapidly. The need for constant improvement of the general technical level of geodetic works, reliability, accuracy, manufacturability of geodetic production also grows. Issues of accuracy of geodetic works are of fundamental importance, because they ultimately determine the level of quality and reliability of geodetic networks and geodetic measurements. When assessing the reliability and accuracy of measurements, the main thing is to choose the perfect method of geodetic works and appropriate instruments and equipment, based on the specified technological requirements of the project and tolerances. Today's modern geodetic instrument is a product of high technology, which combines the latest advances in electronics, precision mechanics, optics, materials science and other sciences. Progress does not stand still, analog devices tested for years are replaced by modern digital and laser equipment. There were more requirements for geodetic works. They must be performed as soon as possible and with high accuracy. The article considers three types of modern geodetic equipment, namely: electronic theodolite, total station, and laser rangefinder. For a detailed analysis, the technical characteristics of the devices of several leading manufacturers were taken: Leica, Topcon, Sokkia, SOUTH, BOSCH. Their advantages and disadvantages, both in general and in comparison with each other, are revealed. The most relevant areas of application and features of use are analyzed. Despite the wide range of modern geodetic instruments, the question of the ratio of their price and quality remains relevant. A detailed study of the technical characteristics, taking into account the scope of application of a device allows the specialist to make the most appropriate choice. The accuracy, speed and cost of work are directly affected by the correct selection of equipment that will perform geodetic measurements.
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