Formation and Development of Digital Hubs in Kazakhstan: Risks, Drivers and Mechanisms

The purpose of this study is to analyze the best foreign experience in the formation and development of digital hubs, as well as to identify the principal risks, drivers, and mechanisms of their formation in the regions of Kazakhstan. Based on the conducted literary review, the author's vision of the digital hub is given, and its main features are identified. The methodological basis of the research was the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, analytical reports, the results of scientific and practical publications. The authors revealed that various programs for the formation and development of digital hubs are being implemented in European countries, thereby demonstrating the experience of introducing and applying digital technologies in manufacturing, industry, and business. The analysis showed that various digital technology development programs are being implemented in Kazakhstan. Still, the possibilities of forming a digital hub and its development depend on the quality of the ICT infrastructure. In particular, the authors identified possible risks and presented their classification, which may arise during the implementation of the activities of the digital hub. The drivers of forming a digital hub are proposed, creating the foundation for sustainable development through the adaptation of existing knowledge. The main mechanisms for forming digital hubs that can create conditions for their expansion have been developed: structural, technological, innovative, investment, institutional and social. The proposed mechanisms, if applied systematically, will contribute to the effective formation and development of digital hubs in Kazakhstan.