P. Góralski
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摘要

该条第一部分讨论了与《刑法》第256条有关的法律和刑事问题,主要涉及宣传极权主义政权的罪行- -不论是纳粹、法西斯还是共产主义。本文开头介绍了1999-2020年在波兰犯下的这类非法行为的统计数据,以及本条规定的最常见的严重犯罪形式和犯罪者的类型(分类)。在波兰宣传和美化极权主义的实际程度被揭露出来,然后根据《刑法》第256条的规定面对适用的法律地位。本文对所讨论的法律所包含的术语的两种不同的解释方式进行了陈述和比较,即“赞扬”,“宣传”,“极权主义意识形态”和“极权主义政权”。本文中提出的考虑是基于与刑法和政治和法律理论有关的文献,以及关于《刑法》第256条第1-2款所述行为的案件的司法判决。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Problemy kryminalizacji szerzenia oraz gloryfikowania totalitaryzmu (art. 256 k.k.). Część I
Part I of the article discusses legal and criminal issues connected with Art. 256 of the Penal Code, concerning mainly the crime of propagating totalitarian regimes — be it Nazi, fascist, or communist. The beginning of the presented text presents statistics of these types of illegal actions committed in Poland in the years 1999–2020, as well as the most frequently identified forms of aggravated offences under this article and the typology (classification) of the perpetrators. The actual extent of propagating and glorifying totalitarianism in Poland is exposed and then confronted with the applicable legal status based on the provisions of Art. 256 of the Penal Code. The article makes statements and compares two divergent ways of interpreting the terms included under the discussed law, i.e. “praise,” “propagate,” “totalitarian ideology,” and “totalitarian regime.” The considerations presented in the article are based on literature related to criminal law and political and law doctrines, as well as on the judicial decisions in the cases regarding acts referred to in Art. 256, § 1–2 of the Penal Code.
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