Cluster Formation and Cluster Head Selection to Increase the Lifetime of Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network

A WSN consists of a group of interconnected, compact sensor nodes that are capable of communication and data sharing. Although WSN applications are numerous, they are nevertheless severely constrained by the multiple drawbacks of a sensor network. The limited lifespan of WSN sensor nodes is caused by the limited power supply (i.e. battery). Controlling the energy that WSN uses is vital to increase its lifespan. The Major issue of reduction in energy consumption in energy limited sensor nodes and increase in network lifetime is considered in the paper. The authors of this manuscript have developed and implemented a method for cluster formation and cluster head election that is energy-efficient. In the proposed protocol, Base station (BS) is placed in the center of the network. The sensor node senses the data from the target area, sends sensory information to the cluster head, and then sends the aggregate message to the BS. In cluster-based WSN, each SN has a unique Id. Authors compare a propound protocol to LEACH and DDEEC protocols and the performance in terms of alive node per round, dead node per round, packet delivered to BS and the maximum number of cluster heads. The authors have presented a novel approach to increasing the network lifetime of heterogeneous WSN, taking numerous considerations into account.