IoT and Solar Energy Based Multipurpose Agricultural Robot for Smart Farming

In India, nearly 70% of people depend on agriculture. In the agricultural field, various operations such as seed sowing, grass cutting, pesticide spraying, ploughing are carried out. Automation of agricultural operations is a current demand to increase productivity through the use of tools and technology. At the moment seed sowing, pesticide spraying, and grass cutting are all difficult tasks. The equipment needed for the aforementioned actions is both expensive and inconvenient to use. As a result, India’s agricultural system should be advanced through the development of a system that reduces reliance on human labour and time. The proposed agricultural robot is a user-friendly, Internet of Things (IoT)-based system that can be used in any type of soil. Users can use a web page to monitor the crop’s condition as well as perform some specific operations. The objective of this project is to design, develop, and build a robot that can sow seeds, cut grass, spray pesticides, pluck fruit, and detect soil nutrition levels and irrigation. Solar energy is used to power the entire system. By connecting through wireless modules. the designed model can be controlled via a web page. The web page is used to control the robot’s required mechanism and movement. This improves the efficiency of seed sowing, pesticide spraying, grass cutting, fruit plucking, soil nutrition level detection, and irrigation, as well as reducing the need for manual planting.