Complementary Particle Swarm Antennas for next generation wireless communication systems

A complementary Particle Swarm Antenna (PSA), which consists of an array of parasitically coupled microstrip patches, is presented for application in wireless communication systems. PSAs are characterised by their unique non intuitive designs which result from an application of Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) that does not implement constraints on the shape of the patch during the optimisation process only the domain outer dimension. An initial design is described for the IEEE 802.16 WiMAX 3.5 GHz band that achieves a reflection coefficient of <; -10 dB, an omnidirectional radiation pattern, low cross polarisation and good gain for potential application in wireless communication systems. The design was fabricated and experimental results obtained that confirm the simulations.