Integration of spiritual care into palliative care service delivery models

Addressing spirituality within serious illness is a core dimension of palliative care delivery. However, spiritual care frequently lacks integration within the care of patients and families facing serious illness. This chapter discusses the integration of spiritual care into palliative care delivery. Requisite to this integration is a clear understanding of definitions and palliative care guidelines informing spiritual care provision. Furthermore, integration is informed and motivated by a large body of evidence showing how spiritual and religious factors frequently play salient roles in serious illness and influence palliative care outcomes. The integration of spiritual care into palliative care practice relies on a generalist–specialist model, within which all members of the interdisciplinary palliative care team are responsible for spiritual care provision. Non-spiritual care specialist members of the palliative care team are responsible for generalist spiritual care delivery, including taking spiritual histories and screening for spiritual needs. The care team also includes spiritual care specialists, typically board-certified chaplains, who provide in-depth spiritual care delivery to patients and families and aid the care team in understanding the spiritual and religious dimensions of care. Additionally, data regarding tested spiritual care interventions are discussed as potential tools palliative care teams can employ to improve patient care and outcomes. Finally, the integration of spiritual care into palliative care teams presents both opportunities and challenges that must be considered as efforts needed to foster more seamless spiritual care delivery within palliative care.