Advanced Torque and Speed Control Techniques for Induction Motor Drives: A Review

Induction Motor (IM) are generally accepted as the most potential candidates for electric propulsion of electric and hybrid vehicles due to their reliability, robustness, low maintenance, low cost, and ability to operate in hostile environments. However, the analytical model of IM is nonlinear, strongly related and multivariable. This makes its control complicated and requires more advanced control algorithms to control the torque and flow of these machines in real time. This paper presents a state of the art of different used modern techniques, which have improved the performance of the three conventional control techniques of the induction motor respectively named Scalar Control (SC), Flux-Oriented Control (FOC) and Direct Torque Control (DTC) in terms of torque and flux ripple, switching frequency, parameter sensitivity, dynamic response, current harmonic distortion and algorithm complexity.