研究国内医药企业对外经济活动的现状和发展趋势

N. Zakharko, R. Sahaidak-Nikitiuk, N. Demchenko
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摘要

的目标。研究医药企业对外经济活动的现状和趋势。材料和方法。本文采用数理统计的分析、综合和概括的方法。以医药企业对外经济活动的统计数据为材料。结果。经认定,医药企业从事的对外经济活动主要以出口药品、进口原料药、基本辅料、设备以及提供服务等形式进行。从国内制药企业的进出口经营情况来看,原料药、基础辅料等进口有所增加,出口有所减少。确定了原料药、基础辅料的主要供应国,包括德国、俄罗斯、意大利、中国、白俄罗斯、格鲁吉亚、波兰、瑞士和西班牙。给出了国内制药企业出口药品的国家。对国内医药企业对外贸易经营平衡的动态进行了研究。在所研究的制药企业中,出口产品在销售收入和毛利中所占的比重有增加的趋势。所研究企业的贸易平衡表现为原料药、基础材料和辅助材料进口导致的进口大于出口。一般贸易差额的平均增长率为0.38。通过swot分析,找出国内医药企业对外贸易活动的优势和劣势。结论。在国内医药企业活动依赖进口的今天,这决定了提高企业出口潜力、降低对外经济活动风险、建立对外经济关系的紧迫性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The study of the current state and trends of development of the foreign economic activity of domestic pharmaceutical companies
Aim. To study the current state and trends of the foreign economic activity of pharmaceutical enterprises. Materials and methods. The methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization of mathematical statistics were used in the article. As materials statistical data on the foreign economic activity of pharmaceutical enterprises were applied. Results. It has been determined that the foreign economic activity is implemented by a pharmaceutical enterprise in the form of export of finished medicines, import of active pharmaceutical ingredients, basic and auxiliary materials, equipment, as well as providing services. Export-import operations of domestic pharmaceutical enterprises analyzed indicate an increase in imports of active pharmaceutical ingredients, basic and auxiliary materials, etc., and a decrease in export operations. The main suppliers of active pharmaceutical ingredients, basic and auxiliary materials, which include Germany, Russia, Italy, China, Belarus, Georgia, Poland, Switzerland and Spain, have been identified. The countries, in which medicines are exported by domestic pharmaceutical enterprises, are given. The dynamics of balance of foreign trade operations of domestic pharmaceutical enterprises has been studied. There is a tendency to increase the share of export products in sales revenue and gross profit of the pharmaceutical enterprises studied. The trade balance of the enterprises studied is characterized by the excess of imports over exports due to the import of API, basic and auxiliary materials. The average growth rate of the general trade balance is 0.38. The SWOT-analysis has been conducted, and the strengths and weaknesses of the foreign trade activities of domestic pharmaceutical companies have been identified. Conclusions. Today, the activities of domestic pharmaceutical enterprises are import-dependent, and it determines the urgency of increasing their export potential, reducing the risks of the foreign economic activity and establishing foreign economic relations.
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