Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome- Revisited

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex condition. In PCOS the metabolic and endocrine components are affected. The PCOS is an evolving condition and therefore has variable ultrasound presentations. Inappropriate gonadotrophin secretion causes ovarian dysfunction. Increased level of plasma testosterone is a common feature in PCOS. Women with PCOS have abnormalities in the metabolism of androgens and oestrogen. PCOS is a genetically heterogeneous syndrome. The abnormal menstruation patterns in PCOS is attributed to chronic anovulation. Women with PCOS should be assessed for their cardiovascular risk. The lifestyle modifications such as reducing the weight, increasing the exercise and restriction of carbohydrate intake consistently reduce the risk of diabetes. Medical management of PCOS is aimed at the treatment of metabolic derangements, anovulation, hirsutism and menstrual irregularity. The surgical management of PCOS is aimed mainly to improve ovulation. PCOS has many long-term complications. Therefore the patients need regular follow-up with their physicians for early detection and management of any untoward sequelae associated with the syndrome.