Tjoet Nia Usmawanda, Nasrullah Idris
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Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa pada saat cuaca cerah, fatamorgana telah muncul sejak matahari terbit dan terus menyebar dari jam 07.00 WIB sampai 13.00 WIB hingga mencapai keadaan paling tebal pada jam 13.00 WIB-15.00 WIB. Selanjutnya fatamorgana mengalami sedikit penyusutan pada jam 15.00 WIB-18.00 WIB, namun demikian masih tampak hingga matahari terbenam. Fatamorgana dapat hilang total bila hujan turun dengan cukup lebat. Sedangkan pada saat cuaca mendung atau gerimis, fatamorgana masih dapat diamati dengan jelas. Suhu terendah dimana fatamorgana masih dapat diamati adalah 26 ºC. Hasil pengamatan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa perubahan suhu dan tekanan udara  rata-rata di lingkungan landasan pacu dapat mempengaruhi visibilitas fenomena fatamorgana melalui pengaruhnya pada gradien suhu udara di atas permukaan landasan pacu tersebut. Densitas udara lingkungan berbanding lurus terhadap suhu dan berbanding terbalik terhadap tekanan. Semakin tinggi densitas udara lingkungan, semakin tipis fatamorgana yang terlihat. Semakin rendah densitas udara lingkungan, maka fatamorgana yang muncul semakin tebal. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa suhu dan tekanan udara lingkungan adalah parameter yang baik yang menggambarkan visibilitas fatamorgana. Dengan demikian profil suhu dan tekanan udara lingkungan landasan pacu dapat diketahui melalui pengamatan fatamorgana pada landasan pacu bandara.Kata kunci: fatamorgana, visibilitas, suhu, tekanan, indeks bias udaraAbstract – A study about the relationship of the temperature and pressure of the surrounding air in the airpot runway to the visibility mirage was done. The location for the mirage observation is in Sultan Iskandar Muda (SIM) airport runway, located in Blang Bintang District, Aceh, Indonesia. Observation time of the mirage appearance and disappereance is started from sunrise to sunset, namely from 7.00 AM at the morning to 6.00 PM at the evening, and recorded its visibility level. Data for the air surrounding temperature and pressure used was taken from the database of the Blang Bintang Meteorological Station, located in the airport. The results show that during a sunny weather, mirage emerges since sunrise and continues to spread from 7.00 AM to 1.00 PM reaching the thickest level at 1.00 PM till 3.00 PM. The mirage then experiences a slight shrinkage at 3.00 PM–6.00 PM and still be observed until sunset. The mirage can be totally lost when rains heavily. While in a cloudy or drizzle weather, the mirage can still be observed clearly. The lowest temperature in which the mirage can still be observed was 26 ºC. The results also shows that the changes in temperature and pressure of the surrounding air in the runway environment can affect the visibility of the mirage phenomenon through its effect to the air temperature gradient above the runway surface since the air density is directly proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional to the pressure. The greater the air density, the thinner the mirage observed. The smaller the air density, the thicker the mirage is. This shows that the surrounding air temperature and pressure in the airport runway are good parameter representing the visibility of a mirage. Thus, the temperature and pressure profile of the air surrounding of the airport runway can be studied by observing a mirage in the airport.Key words: mirage, visibility, airport runway, temperature, pressure","PeriodicalId":439956,"journal":{"name":"Risalah Fisika","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Risalah Fisika","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.35895/RF.V2I2.108","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

抽象——研究了机场跑道温度和气压与海市蜃楼能见度的关系。位于印度尼西亚亚齐星形体育场的苏丹伊斯坎达尔(SIM)机场的一条跑道上进行了海市蜃楼般的观测。从早上的日出到下午的日落,也就是晚上7点到下午6点,记录其能见度。环境温度和气压数据来自印度尼西亚巴兰星气象站(orbs)收集的数据。观察结果表明,天气晴朗时,出现了海市蜃楼日出和继续传播,从晚上7点至13点到13点最厚的状态WIB-15点。接下来,海市蜃楼在下午3点至下午6点经历了衰退,但仍然可以看到日落。如果大雨下得足够大,海市蜃楼可能会完全消失。即使在阴天或毛毛雨的时候,海市蜃楼也能被清楚地观察到。海市蜃楼还可以观察到在最低温度是26ºC。这些观察结果表明,平均温度和气压的变化跑道能见度海市蜃楼现象的影响通过环境影响温度梯度跑道表面上。正比对环境空气温度和密度成反比的压力。环境空气密度越高,看起来越来越薄的海市蜃楼。环境密度越低,海市蜃楼就越厚。这表明环境温度和气压是反映海市蜃楼可见的良好参数。通过机场跑道上的海市蜃楼观测可以了解到跑道的温度轮廓和气压。关键词:海市蜃楼,可见,温度,压力,空气吸收指数——对airpot runway中隐藏的水的关系的研究。苏丹伊斯坎达尔机场天桥风云,位于印度尼西亚亚齐地区的明星区。从日出到日落,从早上7点到晚上6点,观察它的可见水平。气象站的数据来自机场的流星数据库。推荐节目是在晴天,从早上7点到下午1点,从早上7点到下午1点,在下午1点到3点。然后的海市蜃楼体验了下午3点到6点的微光收缩,至今仍在观察到日落。当雨下得很大的时候,海市蜃楼可以完全消失。虽然在乌云或毛毛雨中,海市蜃楼仍然可以被观察清楚。《海市蜃楼lowest温度在哪种还能成为observed是26ºC。The results也改变了在温度和压力》节目中那个surrounding水visibility》《天桥》环境可以影响海市蜃楼现象通过它的效应》《runway地面因为头顶gradient的温度水密度就是直接《温度和inversely proportional to proportional压力》。伟大的空气密度,思考的海市蜃楼。空气的密度,海市蜃楼的thicker。这张照片显示,机场跑道上的空气温度和压力很好,代表了海市蜃楼的可见性。因此,t台机场的温度和压力简介可能是在机场观察海市蜃楼的影响下发现的。幻觉,能见度,机场跑道,温度,压力
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Pengaruh Suhu dan Tekanan Udara Lingkungan Terhadap Visibilitas Fatamorgana di Landasan Pacu (Runway) Bandara Sultan Iskandar Muda, Blang Bintang, Aceh Besar, Aceh, Indonesia
Abstrak – Telah dilakukan sebuah studi mengenai hubungan suhu dan tekanan udara lingkungan landasan pacu (runway) bandara terhadap visibilitas fatamorgana. Pengamatan fatamorgana dilakukan di landasan pacu Bandara Sultan Iskandar Muda (SIM) yang berlokasi di Blang Bintang, Aceh Besar, Aceh, Indonesia. Waktu pengamatan kemunculan dan kehilangan fatamorgana adalah mulai dari sejak matahari terbit pada pagi hari hingga terbenam pada sore hari, yaitu mulai dari jam 07.00 WIB sampai 18.00 WIB dan dicatat tingkat visibilitasnya. Data suhu dan tekanan udara lingkungan didapatkan dari basis data yang dikumpulkan oleh Stasiun Meteorologi Blang Bintang, Aceh Besar, Aceh, Indonesia. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa pada saat cuaca cerah, fatamorgana telah muncul sejak matahari terbit dan terus menyebar dari jam 07.00 WIB sampai 13.00 WIB hingga mencapai keadaan paling tebal pada jam 13.00 WIB-15.00 WIB. Selanjutnya fatamorgana mengalami sedikit penyusutan pada jam 15.00 WIB-18.00 WIB, namun demikian masih tampak hingga matahari terbenam. Fatamorgana dapat hilang total bila hujan turun dengan cukup lebat. Sedangkan pada saat cuaca mendung atau gerimis, fatamorgana masih dapat diamati dengan jelas. Suhu terendah dimana fatamorgana masih dapat diamati adalah 26 ºC. Hasil pengamatan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa perubahan suhu dan tekanan udara  rata-rata di lingkungan landasan pacu dapat mempengaruhi visibilitas fenomena fatamorgana melalui pengaruhnya pada gradien suhu udara di atas permukaan landasan pacu tersebut. Densitas udara lingkungan berbanding lurus terhadap suhu dan berbanding terbalik terhadap tekanan. Semakin tinggi densitas udara lingkungan, semakin tipis fatamorgana yang terlihat. Semakin rendah densitas udara lingkungan, maka fatamorgana yang muncul semakin tebal. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa suhu dan tekanan udara lingkungan adalah parameter yang baik yang menggambarkan visibilitas fatamorgana. Dengan demikian profil suhu dan tekanan udara lingkungan landasan pacu dapat diketahui melalui pengamatan fatamorgana pada landasan pacu bandara.Kata kunci: fatamorgana, visibilitas, suhu, tekanan, indeks bias udaraAbstract – A study about the relationship of the temperature and pressure of the surrounding air in the airpot runway to the visibility mirage was done. The location for the mirage observation is in Sultan Iskandar Muda (SIM) airport runway, located in Blang Bintang District, Aceh, Indonesia. Observation time of the mirage appearance and disappereance is started from sunrise to sunset, namely from 7.00 AM at the morning to 6.00 PM at the evening, and recorded its visibility level. Data for the air surrounding temperature and pressure used was taken from the database of the Blang Bintang Meteorological Station, located in the airport. The results show that during a sunny weather, mirage emerges since sunrise and continues to spread from 7.00 AM to 1.00 PM reaching the thickest level at 1.00 PM till 3.00 PM. The mirage then experiences a slight shrinkage at 3.00 PM–6.00 PM and still be observed until sunset. The mirage can be totally lost when rains heavily. While in a cloudy or drizzle weather, the mirage can still be observed clearly. The lowest temperature in which the mirage can still be observed was 26 ºC. The results also shows that the changes in temperature and pressure of the surrounding air in the runway environment can affect the visibility of the mirage phenomenon through its effect to the air temperature gradient above the runway surface since the air density is directly proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional to the pressure. The greater the air density, the thinner the mirage observed. The smaller the air density, the thicker the mirage is. This shows that the surrounding air temperature and pressure in the airport runway are good parameter representing the visibility of a mirage. Thus, the temperature and pressure profile of the air surrounding of the airport runway can be studied by observing a mirage in the airport.Key words: mirage, visibility, airport runway, temperature, pressure
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