The impact of climate change-related factors on food production in Egypt

: This abstract examines the significant impact of climate change-related factors on food production in Egypt, a country heavily reliant on agriculture for domestic consumption and export. The study highlights the specific challenges posed by climate change and its associated factors, including water scarcity, decreased crop yields, pests and diseases, saltwater intrusion, and reduced fish stocks. These factors intertwine with Egypt's unique geographical and climatic characteristics, placing its agricultural sector at heightened vulnerability. The abstract emphasizes how water scarcity exacerbates existing challenges due to the arid climate and growing population. Rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns lead to increased evaporation rates, reduced water availability, and disruptions in the Nile River's water flow, impacting irrigation systems and agricultural productivity. Moreover, higher temperatures and irregular rainfall adversely affect crop growth, particularly for heat-sensitive crops like wheat and fruits, resulting in decreased crop yields. Climate change also influences the distribution and abundance of pests and diseases, with warmer temperatures and altered rainfall patterns favoring their proliferation. This intensifies the risk of crop losses and necessitates costly pest management measures. Additionally, rising sea levels and increased salinity intrusion from the Mediterranean Sea threaten agricultural lands in the Nile Delta, leading to saltwater contamination of freshwater resources and reduced agricultural productivity. The implications of these changes on Egypt's fishing industry are discussed, as changes in sea temperatures and ocean acidification affect fish stocks, impacting food security.