与家庭分离的男女心理情绪状态

N. Tavrovetska, O.O. Veldbrekht
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摘要

由于战争,被迫与家人分离已成为许多乌克兰人面临的紧迫问题。本研究的目的是实证调查战争条件下与家庭成员分离对男女心理情绪状态的影响。采用Cohen感知压力量表、Connor-Davidson弹性量表、医院焦虑和抑郁量表、A. Klimanska、I. Haletska的积极和消极影响问卷、“创伤事件列表”问卷对332名被调查者进行了访谈。统计分析包括根据与亲属分离标准确定的组的比较:1)与配偶或恋人分离,2)与子女分离,3)与父母分离,4)与许多家庭成员同时分离;5)对照组成员的家庭组成没有变化。结果表明,家庭分离的影响存在性别差异。在战争的头几个星期,没有男性伴侣并没有实质性地影响乌克兰妇女的心理状态指标。在与血亲分离期间,消极的变化表现为对可能的危险的恐惧和脆弱性的实现,以及欢乐感的丧失(在与孩子分离期间);注意力不集中,混乱(与父母分离时)。在全球与家人分离的妇女中发现了补偿性动员过程,提高了警惕性和注意力。男性受与亲人分离的影响要小得多,而且愤怒的反应也会增加。因此,男性和女性亚样本在压力耐受性、弹性、抑郁和焦虑表现水平上没有实质性差异;但他们在对压力的感知、积极情绪和消极情绪的严重程度上有所不同。女性更敏锐地意识到生活环境的不确定性和紧张感,她们的情绪反应主要是抑郁、沮丧和焦虑。反过来,在战争情况下,男性表现出更积极的反应(专注、决心等),这比被动的消极反应更占优势。结论是,与家庭分离威胁到因战争而被迫离开家园的人的心理健康和社会适应。获得的数据有助于更好地了解精神创伤的来源和在分离情况下克服消极心理情绪状态的资源,并建议适当的心理和社会援助方法
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Psychoemotional States of Men and Women in Separation from Their Families
Due to the fighting, forced separation from family has become an urgent problem for many Ukrainians. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of separation from family members on the psychoemotional state of men and women in war conditions. 332 respondents were interviewed using the following methods: the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the positive and negative affect questionnaire by A. Klimanska, I. Haletska, the “List of traumatic events” questionnaire. Statistical analysis included a comparison of groups identified by the criterion of separation from relatives: 1) separated from a spouse or romantic partner, 2) separated from children, 3) separated from parents, 4) separated from many family members at once; 5) members of the control group had no changes in family composition. The results showed that the effects of family separation depend on gender. The absence of a male partner did not substantially affect the indicators of the psychoemotional state of Ukrainian women in the first weeks of the war. During the separation from blood relatives, negative changes were expressed in the actualisation of fears and vulnerability to possible dangers, and in the loss of a sense of joy (during separation from children); inattention, and confusion (during separation from parents). Compensatory mobilisation processes, increased vigilance, and concentration were identified in women who are globally separated from their families. Men were substantially less affected by separation from their relatives and showed an increase in the reaction of indignation. Therewith, the male and female subsamples did not substantially differ in the level of stress tolerance, resiliency, manifestations of depression and anxiety; but they differed in the perception of stress, the severity of positive and negative emotions. Women were more acutely aware of the uncertainty and tension of the life situation, their emotional reactions were dominated by depression, frustration, and anxiety. In turn, men in a war situation expressed more active reactions (concentration, determination, etc.), which prevailed over passivenegative ones. It is concluded that separation from the family threatens the psychological well-being and social adaptation of people who were forced to leave their homes due to the war. The obtained data help to better understand both the sources of psychotrauma and the resources for overcoming negative psychoemotional states in a situation of separation and suggest appropriate ways of psychological and social assistance
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