活动论的基本思想和范畴方法

Georgy Shchedrovitsky
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引用次数: 2

摘要

方法论研究致力于涵盖智力来源、基本基本思想、分类手段、科学学科资源、系统和实际上的多结构基础、再生产-活动方案、逻辑原则和组织-行动规范,以及活动一般理论的反身性、自然主义和行动定位的不变量。本文总结了以G.P. Shchedrovitsky为首的一群自我认同的非正式方法论学家完成莫斯科方法论圈的第二个主要计划的成果,即自上世纪60年代以来,在哲学科学话语中创造了活动理论和建立了行动方法。值得注意的是,这一理论以系统的方法为基础,具有多结构性、发展功能性、形态性和过程完整性的属性特征,有效地利用了科学主体的范畴手段和概念能力作为一个认识论系统。总的来说,活动范畴从调控杠杆转变为广义本体论世界观的系统形成中心,从客观原则转变为研究建构的主体。首先,“活动的再生产和文化的传播”、“活动的行为”和“反思的出路”的图式证实了这一点,它们互补地揭示了思维作为活动的方法论资源,即揭示了文化规范、范式,实际上是思维方式和手段本身在日常生活的社会文化历史过程中的传播机制。在方法论思维的核心创新中,反思是被证实的,它是由问题情境引发的,同时也是由于人类合作的各种形式和组织而导致活动发展的一种特定机制。因此,丰富的内容不仅来自方法论项目本身,它提倡一种反思的“总化”和对整个活动领域的反思性“封闭”,而且来自20世纪80年代末出现的第三个主要智力项目的前景——系统-思维-活动方法论或sta方法论。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Basic ideas and categorical means of activity theory
Methodological research is devoted to the coverage of intellectual sources, basic fundamental ideas, categorical means, scientific-subject resources, systemic and actually polystructural foundations, reproduction-activity schemes, logical principles and organization-actional norms, as well as invariants of reflexive, naturalistic and actional positioning of the general theory of activity. It summarizes the results of fulfillment of the second major program of the Moscow Methodological Circle by an informal group of self-identified methodologists led by G.P. Shchedrovitsky, namely the creation of the theory of activity and the establishment of actional approach in philosophical-scientific discourse since the 60s of the last century. It is noteworthy that this theory is based on a systematic approach with its attributive characteristics of polystructurality, developmental functionality, morphological and process integrity, productively uses its categorical means and conceptual capabilities of the scientific subject as an epistemological system. In general, the category of activity from the regulatory lever is transformed into a system-forming center of worldviews of broad ontological ideas and from the objective principle – into the main subject of research-construction. First of all, this is confirmed by the schemes of “reproduction of activity and transmission of culture”, “act of activity” and “reflexive way out”, which in complementarity reveal the methodological resources of thinking as activity, ie reveal the mechanism of transmission of cultural norms, paradigms, and actually, ways and means of thinking itself in the socio-cultural, historical course of everyday life. Among the nuclear innovations of methodological thinking, reflection is substantiated, which is initiated by problematic situations and at the same time is a specific mechanism for the development of activity due to the variety of forms and organizations of human cooperation. As a result, the enrichment is got not only by the methodological project itself, which advocates a kind of “totalization” of reflection and reflexive “closure” of the whole aggregate sphere of activity, but also by the prospect of the third major intellectual program emerging in the late 1980s - system-thought-activity methodology or STA-methodology.
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