幼儿支持直觉的发展

R. Baillargeon, A. Needham, Julia Devos
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引用次数: 187

摘要

~~~ ~~~先前的研究表明,和成年人一样,7个月大的婴儿也希望箱子在完全接触平台时是稳定的,而当箱子完全失去与平台的接触时,它会掉下来。小婴儿是否也对盒子只与平台部分接触时会发生什么抱有期望?本研究旨在解决这个问题。在实验1中,6.5个月大的婴儿看到两个测试事件:完全接触和部分接触测试事件。在这两种情况下,婴儿都看到戴着手套的手伸出的手指沿着平台的顶部推着一个盒子。在完全接触的情况下,盒子被推到它的前缘到达平台的末端。在部分接触的情况下,盒子被推到只有15%或7P/o的底部表面留在平台上。当盒子的15%(而不是709英尺)放置在平台上时,婴儿看部分接触的时间肯定比看完全接触的时间长。这些结果表明,婴儿能够判断盒子和平台之间需要多少接触才能保持稳定。对照条件为这一解释提供了证据。在实验2中,5.5到6个月大的婴儿被发现对完全接触事件和部分接触事件的看法是一样的,即使只有15%的盒子底部表面留在平台上。这一结果表明,在6.5个月大之前,婴儿认为盒子和平台之间的任何接触量都足以确保盒子的稳定性。这一发展顺序的解释在
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Development of Young Infants' Intuitions about Support
~~~ ~ ~ ~ Previous research has shown that Smonth-old infants, like adults, expect a box to be stable when it is in full contact with a platform, and to fall when it loses all contact with the platform. Do young infants also have expectations about what should happen when the box is only in partial contact with the platform? The present research was designed to address this question. In Experiment 1,6.5-monthold infants saw two test events: a full-contact and a partial-contact test event. In both events, the infants watched the extended finger of a gloved hand push a box along the top of a platform. In the fullcontact event, the box was pushed until its leading edge reached the end of the platform. In the partial-contact event, the box was pushed until only 15% or 7P/o of its bottom surface remained on the platform. The infants looked reliably longer at the partial- than at the full-contact event when 15%, but not 709'0, of the box rested on the platform. These results suggested that the infants were able to judge how much contact was needed between the box and the platform for the box to be stable. A control condition provided evidence for this interpretation. In Experiment 2, 5.5- to Cmonthold infants were found to look equally at the full- and the partialcontact events, even when only 15% of the box's bottom surface remained on the platform. This result suggested that prior to 6.5 months of age infants perceive any amount of contact between the box and the platform to be sufficient to ensure the box's stability. Interpretations of this developmental sequence are considered in
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