把老年人作为一个特殊的社会群体来理解的现代方法

Andriy Karkach, O. Kravchenko, T. Semigina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

全球老龄化趋势,这也是乌克兰的特点,导致对老年人的具体特征的理解。本文在分析现代乌克兰文献和国际文献的基础上,对老年人作为一个特殊的社会群体的现代科学观点进行了系统的梳理。人口学、心理生理学和社会学概念与老年、老龄化和老年人的年龄限制有关。在人口统计学中,老年人是指60岁及以上的人。同时,欧盟和其他国际组织的现行文件强调,不可能确定老年的固定开始,因为它取决于一个人的个体特征和许多可以减缓这一过程的外部因素。从生理学的角度来看,老年人的特点是衰老过程的累加,这导致身体功能的减少和对外部援助的更高需求(依赖援助)。心理表征是基于老年人处于生命的最后阶段,这一阶段的特征是寻找生命的意义和重新评价成就,他们需要自我肯定和对老年的自我认同。关于老年人的社会学观点集中在把这些人作为一个单独的社会群体,他们的特点是社会地位降低,社会文化角色一定,需要调整与社会其他群体的交流。会议确定,从社会年龄地位和身份出发对老年进行综合定义对社会工作至关重要。社会工作者必须认识到,通常在自己的社会环境中经历变化的个人与其他人拥有同样的权利,同时需要尊重他们的选择,需要高质量的照顾和支持
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
MODERN APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING OLDER PEOPLE AS A PECULIAR SOCIAL GROUP
Global aging trends, which are characteristic of Ukraine as well, lead to an understanding of the specific characteristics of older people. Based on the analysis of modern Ukrainian and international literature, this paper systematizes modern scientific views on the elderly as a special social group.Demographic, psycho-physiological, and sociological concepts related to ideas about old age, aging, and age limits of older people are characterized. In demography, older people are persons aged 60 years and older. At the same time, current documents of EU and other international organization stress that it is impossible to determine the fixed beginning of old age, because it depends on the individual characteristics of a person and many external factors that can slow down this process.From the point of view of physiology, older persons are characterized by involutive aging processes, which lead to a reduction in the functioning of the body and a higher need for external assistance (dependency on assistance). Psychological representations are based on the fact that elderly people are at the last stage of life, which is characterized by the search for the meaning of their life and reevaluation of achievements, who need self-affirmation and who self-identify with old age. Sociological ideas about the elderly are focused on singling out these people as a separate social group, which are characterized by a reduced social status, certain sociocultural roles and which require adjustments for communication with other groups in society.It was determined that an integrative definition of old age derived from socio-age status and identity is essential for social work. Social workers have to appreciate that individuals who usually experience a change in their own social environment have the same rights as other people and at the same time need respect for their choices, quality care and support
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