The process of establishing the status as Dohak-Seowon and Educational Characteristics of Jukrim-Seowon in the Late Joseon Dynasty

The purpose of this paper is to examine the history and the educational characteristics of Jukrim-Seowon in the late Joseon Dynasty. First, before the establishment of Jukrim-Seowon, Kim Jang-saeng's moving to Hwangsan and educational activities in Hwangsan were reviewed. In the late 16th century, he built a pavilion called ‘Hwangsanjeong (黃山亭)’ at the intersection of Hoseo and Honam and used it as a place for education. And he built a house under it and started teaching disciples who came from Hoseo and Honam. Around the beginning of the 17th century, as the number of disciples increased, the pavilion in Hwangsan was too narrow, and a wider educational space was needed. This is the initial background of the establishment of Hwangsan-Seowon. Second, at the beginning of the 17th century, Hwangsan-Seowon faced various criticisms for enshrin people unrelated to the region. However, this controversy later turned to the dimension of 'Dotong(道 統)' as Kim's disciples secured the logic and justification as a 'Dohak-Seowon(道學書院)' based on the historical events of Yul-gok and Zhu-Xi. As a result, in the 18th and 19th centuries, Jukrim-Seowon was recognized as a 'Dohak-Seowon' by the government. Chapter 2, examines the process of establishing the symbolic status of the Jukrim-Seowon as a Dohak-Seowon, which inherited the legitimacy of Confucianism in Joseon. Third, based on the 'Hwangsan-Seowondo(黃山書院圖)' included in the Hwangsan Gicheop(黃山記帖) in 1680 and some literature data, I pointed out the problems of the current Jukrim-Seowon architectural structure and corrected the errors of previous studies. Fourth, I reviewed the educational activities and educational characteristics of Jukrim-Seowon until the 19th century. Jukrim-Seowon was recognized as an ‘educational space for poetry and rituals’ rather than merely for acquiring literal knowledge. Also, they set the ultimate goal of education to inspire the Confucian students by 'instructing them in virtue and arousing their will.