論劉咸炘之理事説及其困境

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. 此文是對近代保守派學者劉咸炘的一份歷史學研究。這一研究從劉氏頗受關注的歷史觀切入，終於其人仍有待深入探究的理事論和新文化批評。首先，此文説明了劉氏的歷史觀念雖然承襲自章學誠，但支撑其歷史觀的乃是理學色彩濃厚的理事論。鑒於劉氏有學史以明道的價值訴求，此文在之後又分析了劉氏在其理事一元論學説中對於人性本善的回護，並指明這一回護中德福難得一致的問題。隨後，此文分析了劉氏在處理此問題時圍繞鬼神有無之問題對無神論所作的批評及其困境，指出劉氏保守的理事文化觀反映了文化保守派在近代中國的弱勢處境。最後，此文引述馬一浮對“六經皆史”的批評，試探劉氏學思在近代思想史中間的位置。 This paper is a historical study of modern conservative thinker Liu Xianxin (1897-1932) and his theory of li (principle) and shi (social activities). As Liu is now known as a brilliant historian, his theoretical discourses and criticism of China's westernization have become subjects for investigation. First, this paper studies Liu's historical ideas influenced by Zhang Xuecheng (1738- 1801) and Neo-Confucianism. Second, it examines Liu's defense for the theory of original goodness of human nature and the problem of the correspondence of virtue and happiness. Third, it examines Liu's theistic argument, which was used in securing the correspondence of virtue and happiness. Based on these investigations, this paper shows inherent tension in Liu's theory of li (principle) and shi (matter), which reflects the anti-tradition trend Liu faced. Through discussing Ma Yifu's (1883- 1967) critique on the view that “Confucian Classics are historical works,” the last part demonstrates Liu's significance to modern Chinese scholarship.