Crisis management: a strategic and tactical leadership imperative for organisational sustainability

Crisis management is a strategic and tactical leadership imperative which can positively or negatively impact an organisation's or a nation's competitive capability and potential for long-term success, survival, and sustainability. Therefore, crisis management should be integrated into the overall strategic and tactical plans of organisations and nations. Organisational leaders should use a crisis management process which is capable of being consistent and easily replicated. In this article, the authors propose a seven step crisis management process which aligns well with the classical/traditional strategic management process. In addition, we offer an example of the integration of crisis management into an organisational strategic plan. Also, we make recommendations for future crisis management research.