铁矿露天矿集体爆炸后粉尘颗粒提升高度的测定

L. Novikov, K. Ishchenko, Liudmyla Lohvyna
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摘要

露天采矿伴随着向大气中排放粉尘和有害气体。这与露天运输作业、钻孔爆破作业有关。有害成分释放到采石场空间及其浓度的增加对工作人员的健康产生负面影响,并导致环境污染。在此过程中,细尘和气体污染的性质取决于采矿技术和气象因素。露天矿大规模爆炸后粉尘抑制方法有效性降低的问题与对粉尘和气体云形成的研究不足有关。因此,需要对爆破作业的粉尘动力学进行额外的理论和实验研究。本文讨论了某铁矿露天矿集体爆炸后粉尘气体云的形成阶段。本文介绍了钻孔装药爆轰后不同时间点尘埃和气体云演化的实验研究结果。给出了气体、气体混合物和气体粉尘气溶胶的密度和动态粘度的测定关系式。给出了确定尘气云形成动态阶段球形尘粒上升时间和上升高度的公式。在这种情况下,假定装药爆轰后动力因素和热因素不相互影响。在尘埃和气体云形成的热阶段,由于温度的差异,尘埃粒子的高度被确定。在对计算结果分析的基础上,确定了云形成动力阶段的持续时间。可以确定,在固体和气体爆炸产物释放到大气中之后,观察到粉尘颗粒的高度分布是其直径的函数。也就是说,在尘埃和气体云形成的动力阶段,尘埃粒子的升力高度与其直径成正比,而在热力阶段则成反比关系。确定了在热阶段开始时发生粗尘颗粒的沉积。在此过程中,细粉尘颗粒上升到最大高度,然后被气流带出露天矿。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Determination of the lifting height of dust particles after a mass explosion in an iron ore open pit
Open pit mining is accompanied by emissions of fine dust and hazardous gases into the atmosphere. This is related to the operation of open pit transport, drilling and blasting operations. The release of harmful components into the quarry space and the increase in their concentrations has a negative impact on the health of working personnel and leads to pollution of the environment. In doing so, the nature of fine dust and gases pollution depends on the mining technology and meteorological factors. The problem of reduced effectiveness of dust suppression methods after mass explosions in open pits is relate to insufficient research into the formation of dust and gas cloud. Additional theoretical and experimental research into the dust dynamics of blasting operations is therefore need. The article discusses the stages of formation of the dust and gas cloud after a mass explosion in an iron ore open pit. The results of experimental studies of the evolution of the dust and gas cloud at different points in time after the detonation of borehole charges are presented. Relations for determination of density and dynamic viscosity of gases, gas mixture and gas-dust aerosol are given. A formula for determining the time and height of ascent of spherical dust particles at the dynamic stage of dust and gas cloud formation is obtain. In this case, the assumption is madid that there is no mutual influence of the dynamic and thermal factors after detonation of the charges. The elevation of dust particles due to temperature differences during the heat stage of dust and gas cloud formation is determined. Based on the analysis of the calculation results, the duration of the dynamic stage of cloud formation is determined. It is established that, following the release of solid and gaseous detonation products into the atmosphere, a height distribution of dust particles is observed as a function of their diameter. That said during, the dynamic stage of dust and gas cloud formation, the height of dust particle lift is directly proportional to their diameter, while during the heat stage the inverse relationship is observe. That at the beginning of the thermal stage the deposition of coarse dust particles takes place are established. In this process, fine dust particles rise to a maximum height and are then carried outside the open pit by the airflow.
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