美国耕地蒸发需求增加的驱动因素:利用受限输入情景确定相对贡献

IF 2.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
M. S. Kukal, S. Kukal, S. Irmak, G. Vellidis
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引用次数: 0

摘要

蒸发需求的变化是近几十年来观察到的一种全球现象,然而,这种变化并没有明确归因于特定的气象驱动因素,这就妨碍了人们就这种变化的原因达成共识。在此,我们研究了个别驱动因素对美国大陆(CONUS)长期草地参考蒸散量(ETo)变化的确切贡献,重点是农业耕地。利用将单个驱动因素(即气温(T)、相对湿度(RH)、太阳辐射(Rs)和风速(U2))限制在其气候学范围内的情景,我们确定了它们在月度和年度尺度上对蒸散发变化的相对贡献。与 1981-2000 年基线相比,年蒸散发增加了 111 毫米,即 2 个标准差(SD),同时 Rs(2.7 个标准差)、U2(2.5 个标准差)、T(1.1 个标准差)显著增加,而相对湿度(2.3 个标准差)下降。年 ETo 的增加主要归因于 T(相对贡献率为 36%),其次是 Rs(29%)、U2(18%)和 RH(17%),具有显著的空间和季节变异性。在对农业至关重要的夏季,Rs 是最主要的驱动因素,相对贡献率为 40%-50%,其他三个驱动因素的重要性大致相当。这些发现涉及农业用水的需求侧,意味着作物功能和表现、水安全和跨干旱梯度规划的长期变化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Drivers of enhanced evaporative demand in U.S. croplands: Determining relative contribution using constrained input scenarios

Drivers of enhanced evaporative demand in U.S. croplands: Determining relative contribution using constrained input scenarios

Altered evaporative demand is a global phenomenon observed over recent decades, however, such change has not been attributed explicitly to specific meteorological drivers, hampering consensus on what has caused such change. Here we investigate exactly how much individual drivers have contributed to long-term grass-reference evapotranspiration (ETo) change within conterminous United States (CONUS), with an emphasis on agricultural croplands. Using scenarios that constrain individual drivers i.e., air temperatures (T), relative humidity (RH), solar radiation (Rs), and wind speeds (U2) to their climatologies, we determined their relative contribution toward ETo change at monthly and annual scales. Annual ETo increased by 111 mm, or >2 standard deviations (SD) relative to the 1981–2000 baseline, accompanied by strong increase in Rs (2.7 SD), U2 (2.5 SD), T (1.1 SD), and decreased RH (2.3 SD) in regions that account for one-third of calories produced in the U.S. Annual ETo increase was attributed primarily to T (relative contribution of 36%), followed by Rs (29%), U2 (18%), and RH (17%) with significant spatial and seasonal variability. During agriculturally critical summer months, Rs was the dominant driver with a 40%–50% relative contribution, and other three drivers were roughly equally important. These findings address demand-side of agricultural water use and imply long-term change in crop functions and performance, water security, and planning across aridity gradients.

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来源期刊
Journal of The American Water Resources Association
Journal of The American Water Resources Association 环境科学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
12.50%
发文量
100
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: JAWRA seeks to be the preeminent scholarly publication on multidisciplinary water resources issues. JAWRA papers present ideas derived from multiple disciplines woven together to give insight into a critical water issue, or are based primarily upon a single discipline with important applications to other disciplines. Papers often cover the topics of recent AWRA conferences such as riparian ecology, geographic information systems, adaptive management, and water policy. JAWRA authors present work within their disciplinary fields to a broader audience. Our Associate Editors and reviewers reflect this diversity to ensure a knowledgeable and fair review of a broad range of topics. We particularly encourage submissions of papers which impart a ''take home message'' our readers can use.
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