Clinical, haemato-biochemical alterations with acute phase response in canine parvoviral enteritis

Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPV) is one of the most contagious fatal viral diseases in young puppies with subsequent alterations in homeostasis; This study was conducted on a total number of 35 puppies of different breeds, with age range of 2-6 months old with signs compatible with canine parvovirus enteritis. Another apparently healthy five puppies within similar age range were enrolled as healthy control group. Up on admission, clinical signs were recorded and rapid in-clinic IC test kit for detection of CPV Ag in feces. Blood samples were used to determine haemato-biochemical alterations along with Acute phase response values. Vomiting and foulsmelling bloody diarrhea with marked dehydration were the main recorded clinical signs. Hemogram of CPV infected dogs, revealed the presence of microcytic hypochromic anemia, significant leukopenia with marked lymphopenia and neutropenia. The total serum proteins, albumin, total globulins, sodium, potassium, chloride, levels were significantly decreased in CPV infected group than its level in healthy control dogs. On contrary the mean values of, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were significantly increased in diseased dogs. Results of acute phase biomarkers revealed Significant increase in serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp) and C-reactive protein (CRP) with significant reduction in mean values of serum albumin in diseased puppies. Based on obtained results, CPV enteritis has negative impact on haemato-biochemical biomarkers and strong expression of acute phase reaction in diseased dogs.