Efficiency of surface treatment of soil by a stubble multifunctional cultivator

The effective application of the stubble cultivator on surface tillage is justified simultaneously with the introduction of solid mineral fertilizers. The atomization of the soil in comparison with the disk tools decreases in 1,5...2 times. Using the example of the proposed multifunctional stubble cultivator with the device for simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers, the possibility of using the cost and loss function (the cost of carrying out the amount of work and the loss of the future crop due to a violation of the optimal duration of work) is proved to optimize the duration of work. A block diagram of the algorithm for optimizing the parameters and operating conditions of a multifunctional stubble cultivator is presented based on the criterion of the optimal value of the traction factor of a given tractor, taking into account its traction characteristics and the dependence of the coefficient of the resistivity of the cultivator on the working speed of movement, the depth of processing and the specific material consumption, with consideration of the mass of fertilizers applied. In the objective function of optimizing the duration of the work performed, the cost of the cost includes the operating costs for the specified unit for the planned scope of work. With an increase in the duration of these works, costs are reduced, and the cost of future crop losses, on the contrary, increases. The sum of costs and losses has an extremum, which determines the optimality of the solution. The dependence of the cost of losses of the future corn grain crop on the duration, the amount of work, the purchase price of the harvested crop and the intensity of losses for each day of the violation of the optimal period of stubble cultivation of the soil with simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers is given. With the help of the obtained cost and loss function, the optimum duration of stubble cultivation of the soil was established with the simultaneous introduction of solid mineral fertilizers using the example of the machine-tractor unit as part of the MTZ-1221 tractor and the stubble cultivator KSU-3 with the device for simultaneous application of solid mineral fertilizers.