Role of Nanovaccine in Immunotherapy

Nanotechnology, although not a new concept, has attained notable momentum in recent years. Due to the modern approach in material science and nano-engineering in the preceding decade, the nanoparticles have become incredibly striking for their applications in the fields of biology and medicine. There are significant applications of nanoscience in biology and biotechnology. Nanotechnology can be used to facilitate the therapy targeting immune system. The initiative that a nanostructure could be assembled, constructed and introduced into the human body to progress health, together with cellular repairs at the molecular level, is promising. The utilization of nanotechnology to medicine, known as nanomedicine, deal with the use of accurately engineered materials at this length scale to build up novel therapeutic and diagnostic modalities. Biodegradable nanoparticles are attaining amplified consideration for their capacity to serve as a feasible carrier for site specific distribution of vaccines, genes, drugs and other biomolecules in the body. They offer improved biocompatibility, superior drug/vaccine encapsulation, and expedient release profiles for several drugs, vaccines and biomolecules to be used in an array of applications in the area of medicine. The small size, customized surface, superior solubility, and multi-functionality of nanoparticles will persist to open numerous doors and generate novel biomedical applications. Certainly, the peculiar properties of nanoparticles offer the facility to interact with multifacet cellular functions in new ways. The nanomaterial is so minute that it can effortlessly enter the cell; therefore, nanomaterials can be used in vivo or in vitro for biological applications. Nanovaccine is rising as a novel path to the methodology of vaccination. Nanoparticles can also be used to cargo diverse types of cytokines like LIF and IL-6. This targeted nanoparticle approach is competent to harness endogenous immune-regulatory pathways, providing a potent new process to modulate T cell developmental plasticity in immune-mediated disease indications