Simulation Studies for Non Invasive Classification of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke using Near Infrared Spectroscopy

This paper presents an approach to identify and classify the type of stroke, viz ischemic and hemorrhagic conditions. Ischemic stroke is caused by the blood clot and plaque present in the blood vessel. Hemorrhagic stroke, on the other hand, occurs when a rupture happens in the cerebrovascular artery or mid-cerebral artery causing impairments in blood flow and hence the supply of oxygen to the cerebral tissues. The current research analyses the blood flow velocity, the pressure profile of blood clot and plaque, and the condition at which ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke occurs. Simulation studies show the pressure on the blood vessel walls under ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke conditions and also that under nominal blood flow velocity the hemorrhage does not occur, but when the velocity is sufficient enough to increase the pressure on the wall, rupture of the mid-cerebral artery takes place. The simulation assumes the blood flow to be laminar, non-Newtonian, viscous, incompressible, and the arterial wall as elastic. Using the simulation model, an approach to classifying ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke using near infrared spectroscopy has been proposed in the paper.