校准和深度匹配精度与桌面安装增强现实单倍镜

Chunya Hua, S. Ellis, J. Swan
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引用次数: 1

摘要

在许多医疗增强现实(AR)应用程序中,医生希望能够将物理对象(如针头或其他医疗设备)放置在虚拟对象指示的深度。通常,这个物体会位于闭塞表面的后面,比如病人的皮肤。在这张海报中,我们描述了确定如何准确地做到这一点的努力。特别地,我们使用桌上式AR单倍镜进行了两次深度匹配实验。图1显示了我们的AR单倍镜,它最初是由Singh[2013]设计和建造的。我们尝试了不同的校准单倍镜的方法,目标是能够将虚拟AR目标物体放置在空间中,这些物体可以深度匹配,精度尽可能接近物理测试目标。我们最终开发了一种校准方法,使用两个激光水平来产生垂直的光扇(图1)。我们通过AR单倍镜光学系统拍摄这些光扇,在那里它从光学合成器反射到图像生成器上。我们首先设置风扇平行,以便正确地模拟观察者的瞳孔间距(IPD)。接下来,我们将风扇向内移动,以模拟不同的收敛距离。我们通过两个AR深度匹配实验验证了这一校准。这些实验测量了遮挡表面的效果,并检查了距离为38至48厘米的近场。实验1重复了Edwards等人[2004]报道的类似实验,并在受试者内设计中涉及10名观察者。图2显示了结果。当遮挡物存在时,误差范围为-5至+ 3mm,当遮挡物不存在时,误差范围为-4至+ 2mm,并且观察者有时在遮挡物出现后判断虚拟物体更接近自己。我们可以通过考虑观察者在收敛到不同距离时IPD的变化来模拟图2中所示的强线性效应。实验二复制了实验一,有三位经验丰富的心理物理观察者,并进行了额外的重复。结果显示观察者之间的个体差异显著,约为8 mm,个体结果与实验1的平均结果不一致。总的来说,这些实验表明,需要在每个深度精确地建模IPD,并且需要跟踪IPD随收敛的变化。我们的结果提出了改进的校准方法,我们将通过额外的实验来验证。此外,这些实验使用了高度突出的咬合面,我们也打算研究咬合面显著性的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Calibration and depth matching accuracy with a table-mounted augmented reality haploscope
In many medical Augmented Reality (AR) applications, doctors want the ability to place a physical object, such as a needle or other medical device, at the depth indicated by a virtual object. Often, this object will be located behind an occluding surface, such as the patient's skin. In this poster we describe efforts to determine how accurately this can be done. In particular, we used a table-mounted AR haploscope to conduct two depth-matching experiments. Figure 1 shows our AR haploscope, which was originally designed and built by Singh [2013]. We experimented with different methods of calibrating the haploscope, with the goal of being able to place virtual AR target objects in space that can be depth-matched with an accuracy that is as close as possible to physical test targets. We eventually developed a calibration method that uses two laser levels to generate vertical fans of light (Figure 1). We shoot these light fans through the AR haploscope optics, where it bounces off of the optical combiners and onto the image generators. We first set the fans parallel, in order to properly model an observer's inter-pupillary distance (IPD). Next, we cant the fans inwards, in order to model different vergence distances. We validated this calibration with two AR depth-matching experiments. These experiments measured the effect of an occluding surface, and examined near-field reaching space distances of 38 to 48 cm. Experiment I replicated a similar experiment reported by Edwards et al [2004], and involved 10 observers in a within-subjects design. Figure 2 shows the results. Errors ranged from -5 to +3 mm when the occluder was present, -4 to +2 mm when the occluder was absent, and observers sometimes judged the virtual object to be closer to themselves after the presentation of the occluder. We can model the strong linear effect shown in Figure 2 by considering how the observers' IPD changes as they converge to different distances. Experiment II replicated Experiment I with three experienced psychophysical observers and additional replications. The results showed significant individual differences between the observers, on the order of 8 mm, and the individual results did not follow the averaged results from Experiment I. Overall, these experiments suggest that IPD needs to be accurately modeled at each depth, and the change in IPD with vergence needs to be tracked. Our results suggest improved calibration methods, which we will validate with additional experiments. In addition, these experiments used a highly salient occluding surface, and we also intend to study the effect of occluder salience.
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