规范农用地市场的具体特点

L. Moldavan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文通过对近百年来世界各国土地改革实践的分析,论证了农地市场流转是在两个决定性因素的影响下形成的。一方面是农业用地的特殊性,它是粮食生产者不可缺少的战略资源,空间有限,不可复制,不能成为经典意义上的产品。另一方面,土地是农业生产的基础。然而,农业不仅具有经济功能,而且具有社会功能(国家粮食独立、农村就业、农村住区人口和农村地区的安排)和环境功能(保护土壤免受污染和退化,支持当地农业景观等)。在这种情况下,有必要对农业用地的市场分配采取具体办法。笔者从经济和社会生态的角度分析了国外农地流转立法规制的实践。报告还揭示了乌克兰土地改革不彻底的后果,这些后果是由于对土地使用者的要求不明确、对土地使用的限制、外国公司获得农业用地的机会、土地市场管理和土地关系的其他方面,并提出了解决这些问题的方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF REGULATING AGRICULTURAL LAND MARKET
Based on the analysis of land reforms that have taken place in world practice over the past century, the author proves that the market turnover of agricultural land is formed under the influence of two determined factors. On the one hand, it is the specific features of agricultural land, which is an indispensable strategic resource for food producers, is limited in space, irreproducible and cannot be a product in its classical meaning. On the other hand, land is the basis of agricultural production. However, agriculture performs not only an economic function, but also a social (national food independence, rural employment, population of rural settlements, and arrangement of rural areas) and environmental functions (protecting soils from pollution and degradation, supporting local agrolandscapes, etc.). In this context, the need for specific approaches to the market distribution of agricultural land is justified. Author analyzes foreign practice of the legislative regulation of agricultural land turnover with due regard to their economic and socio-ecological orientation. Also revealed are the consequences of the incompleteness of land reform in Ukraine, which are caused by the lack of definition of the requirements for land users, restrictions on land use, access to agricultural land for foreign companies, land market management and other aspects of land relations, and ways are proposed to address them.
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