氢燃料电池对电动汽车着火的影响

A. Gavryliuk
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In general, it can be divided into the hydrogen storage subsystem, the supply subsystem to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell subsystem itself. The hydrogen supply subsystem to the fuel cell carries a greater fire hazard than the fuel cell subsystem. When the line is depressurized, the mechanism for covering the supply of hydrogen from the tank is activated, and the leak stops. However, in the event of ignition, the hydrogen contained in the lines will be sufficient to become a source of ignition for other materials of the vehicle.\nThe hydrogen storage system carries the greatest fire hazard. To prevent an explosion due to heating of a hydrogen cylinder, a pressure valve is used, which is triggered by a thermal sensor when the temperature exceeds 90 ºС. Accidental handling of hydrogen can be accompanied by combustion. And with a faulty attitude valve, the worst situation from the point of view of fire danger can occur - an explosion.\nUsually, the pressure release valve is placed under the bottom of the car perpendicularly down, or at an angle of 45º. With a hole diameter of 4.2 mm and a hydrogen pressure of 70 MPa, the length of the flame torch when hydrogen leaks in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the earth will be 6.4 m when it leaks at an angle of 45º - 8.8 m, and under the condition of unobstructed combustion, i.e. the car overturned - 10.2 m. When the diameter of the opening increases, the length of the flame torch increases.\nThe heat flow, which is formed due to the burning of hydrogen coming out of the car tank, can be 20 kW/m2 or more at a distance of 2-3 meters from the point of emission.\nWith a heat flow of 1.6 kW/m2, during long-term exposure, there are no painful effects. When the heat flow increases to 4-5 kW/m2, a person who has no means of protection will get a 1st degree burn in 20 seconds; under the action of a heat flow of 9.5 kW/m2, a 2nd degree burn is formed after 20 seconds; 12.5-15 kW/m2 of heat radiation causes a 3rd degree burn. The most dangerous event that can happen for safety reasons is an explosion of a hydrogen tank. Scientists Koshkarov and Molkov investigated the dangerous distances due to the explosion of a hydrogen cylinder. Therefore, in the case of an explosion of a hydrogen cylinder with a volume of 100 l at a pressure of 70 MPa, lethal consequences occur at a distance of up to 8 m, and the zone of severe and medium injuries reaches up to 28 m. The safe distance for such a case is more than 100 m. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究的目的是揭示燃料电池汽车火灾和交通事故的燃烧特征和危害,这将为应对此类事件的新方法以及救援人员的安全工作条件奠定基础。材料描述。一般来说,与使用氢燃料电池汽车相关的火灾危险可分为意外漏氢和触电相关的危险。与氢有关的危险来自于管道的减压,这会导致氢意外释放到环境中。氢气的释放可以是长期的,也可以是爆炸后瞬间释放的。让我们来分析氢燃料电池车使用的供氢系统。总的来说,它可以分为储氢子系统,燃料电池的供应子系统,以及燃料电池子系统本身。燃料电池的供氢子系统比燃料电池子系统具有更大的火灾危险。当管道减压时,从储罐中覆盖氢气供应的机构被激活,泄漏停止。然而,一旦着火,线路中所含的氢将足以成为车辆其他材料的引燃源。储氢系统具有最大的火灾隐患。为防止氢气钢瓶受热爆炸,使用压力阀,当温度超过90ºС时,由热传感器触发压力阀。氢气的意外处理可能伴随着燃烧。如果姿态阀出现故障,从火灾危险的角度来看,最糟糕的情况可能会发生——爆炸。通常,减压阀垂直向下放置在车底下方,或以45º的角度放置。孔径为4.2 mm,氢气压力为70 MPa,氢气垂直于地表方向泄漏时,45º角泄漏时的火焰火炬长度为6.4 m - 8.8 m,燃烧无阻即翻车时的火焰火炬长度为10.2 m。当开口直径增大时,火焰火炬的长度增大。从汽车油箱出来的氢气燃烧形成的热流,在距离排放点2-3米的距离上,可以达到20kw /m2以上。热流为1.6 kW/m2,在长期暴露期间,没有痛苦的影响。当热流增加到4-5 kW/m2时,没有任何防护措施的人将在20秒内受到一级烧伤;在9.5 kW/m2的热流作用下,20秒后形成二度灼伤;12.5- 15kw /m2的热辐射会造成三度烧伤。出于安全原因,可能发生的最危险的事件是氢气罐爆炸。科学家Koshkarov和Molkov调查了氢气筒爆炸造成的危险距离。因此,体积为100l的氢气钢瓶在70 MPa压力下发生爆炸时,致命后果的发生距离可达8 m,重、中伤区可达28 m。这种情况下的安全距离在100米以上。很明显,从气球的压力和体积的增加,这样的距离增加。关键词:电动汽车,氢燃料电池,电动汽车火灾隐患
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
FEATURES OF FIRE IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES ON HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS
The purpose of the study is to reveal the characteristics of combustion and hazards arising from fires and traffic accidents involving FCEVs, which will create the basis for new approaches to responding to such events, as well as safe working conditions for rescuers. Description of the material. In general, the fire hazards associated with the use of FCEVs can be divided into the hazards associated with accidental hydrogen leakage and electric shock. Hazards associated with hydrogen arise from the depressurization of mains, which leads to the accidental release of hydrogen into the environment. The release of hydrogen can be long-term or instantaneous as a result of an explosion. Let's analyze the hydrogen supply system used in the FCEV. In general, it can be divided into the hydrogen storage subsystem, the supply subsystem to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell subsystem itself. The hydrogen supply subsystem to the fuel cell carries a greater fire hazard than the fuel cell subsystem. When the line is depressurized, the mechanism for covering the supply of hydrogen from the tank is activated, and the leak stops. However, in the event of ignition, the hydrogen contained in the lines will be sufficient to become a source of ignition for other materials of the vehicle. The hydrogen storage system carries the greatest fire hazard. To prevent an explosion due to heating of a hydrogen cylinder, a pressure valve is used, which is triggered by a thermal sensor when the temperature exceeds 90 ºС. Accidental handling of hydrogen can be accompanied by combustion. And with a faulty attitude valve, the worst situation from the point of view of fire danger can occur - an explosion. Usually, the pressure release valve is placed under the bottom of the car perpendicularly down, or at an angle of 45º. With a hole diameter of 4.2 mm and a hydrogen pressure of 70 MPa, the length of the flame torch when hydrogen leaks in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the earth will be 6.4 m when it leaks at an angle of 45º - 8.8 m, and under the condition of unobstructed combustion, i.e. the car overturned - 10.2 m. When the diameter of the opening increases, the length of the flame torch increases. The heat flow, which is formed due to the burning of hydrogen coming out of the car tank, can be 20 kW/m2 or more at a distance of 2-3 meters from the point of emission. With a heat flow of 1.6 kW/m2, during long-term exposure, there are no painful effects. When the heat flow increases to 4-5 kW/m2, a person who has no means of protection will get a 1st degree burn in 20 seconds; under the action of a heat flow of 9.5 kW/m2, a 2nd degree burn is formed after 20 seconds; 12.5-15 kW/m2 of heat radiation causes a 3rd degree burn. The most dangerous event that can happen for safety reasons is an explosion of a hydrogen tank. Scientists Koshkarov and Molkov investigated the dangerous distances due to the explosion of a hydrogen cylinder. Therefore, in the case of an explosion of a hydrogen cylinder with a volume of 100 l at a pressure of 70 MPa, lethal consequences occur at a distance of up to 8 m, and the zone of severe and medium injuries reaches up to 28 m. The safe distance for such a case is more than 100 m. It is obvious that from the increase pressure and volume of the balloon and such distance increases. Keywords: electric vehicle, hydrogen fuel cell, fire hazard of electric vehicles.
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