19世纪下半叶至20世纪初国内研究人员编制博物馆版的方法

N. Cherhik, Volodymyr Milchev
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摘要

研究对象是19世纪下半叶至20世纪初的国内博物馆出版物。博物馆文本是从乌克兰来源研究形成的角度来考虑的。主要的焦点是用实证主义的方法来研究历史资料。本研究的主题集中在博物馆藏品归属的原则和方法上。这表明,它们进入科学循环是基于对历史决定论和客观性原则的遵守。对博物馆文本的分析表明,科学家们使用了一种经验主义的方法来研究博物馆藏品中的物品:博物馆馆长对藏品的主题进行了直接的、感官体验式的工作。本文展示了历史学家如何使用直接比较法、历史-遗传法和历史-比较法。研究表明,他们的结论是基于对文物的外部特征的分析:形状、装饰和材料。特别注意的是归纳法,这在实证主义者中非常流行。它的应用是通过一些具体的例子来证明的,这些例子是基于关于一个工件的几个不同的事实而形成的关于它的起源的结论。本文展示了博物馆工作人员如何对藏品进行分类和系统化。确定了集合分组的主要原则是时间顺序原则。在选定的历史时期中期,对象根据形式特征进行分布:对象的材料和类别。更复杂的分类——在同类对象中选择类型——是基于对工件技术特征的全面分析。作者的结论是,19世纪下半叶至20世纪初的国内博物馆学著作是实证主义历史研究观点的一个明显例子。博物馆馆长将大量历史资料引入科学流通。他们表明,这些资料反映了从古代到二十世纪乌克兰人民生活的不同方面。一个重要的结论是博物馆学在19世纪下半叶- 20世纪初的关键应用。这是因为在过去的博物馆版本中发现了归属工作的错误。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
METHODOLOGY FOR THE PREPARATION OF MUSEOGRAPHIC EDITIONS BY DOMESTIC RESEARCHERS OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES
The object of the study is domestic museum publications of the second half of the XIX-th – early XX-th centuries. Museographic texts are considered from the point of view of the formation of source studies in Ukraine. The primary focus is on positivist approaches to working with a historical source. The subject of the study is focused on the principles and methods of attributing items in museum collections. It is shown that their introduction into scientific circulation was based on the observance of the principle of historicism and objectivity. The analysis of museographic texts showed that scientists used an empirical approach to studying objects in museum collections: museographers practiced direct, sensory-experiential work with the subject of the collection. The article shows how historians used the method of direct comparison, historical-genetic, and historical-comparative methods. It is shown that they based their conclusions on the analysis of external features of artifacts: shape, ornamentation, and material. Particular attention is paid to the method of induction, which was very popular among positivists. Its application is demonstrated by specific examples of the formation of conclusions about an artifact's origin based on several heterogeneous facts about it. The article shows how museum workers classified and systematized collection items. It was established that the main principle of grouping collections was the chronological principle. In the middle of the selected historical periods, objects were distributed according to formal characteristics: material and category of the object. A more complex classification – the selection of types in the middle of homogeneous objects – is based on a comprehensive analysis of the technical features of the artifacts. The authors concluded that domestic museographic works of the second half of the XIX – early XX century are a clear example of a positivist view of historical research. Museographers introduced a significant number of historical sources into scientific circulation. They showed that these sources reflect different aspects of the life of the people of Ukraine from ancient times to the twentieth century. An important conclusion is the critical use of museography in the second half of the XIX – early XX century. That is due to the fact that errors in attributive work were revealed in museum editions of the past.
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