恩多拉教学医院非正规护理人员乙型肝炎知识、态度与实践

Killard Sc
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摘要

乙型肝炎是一种高度传染性的传染病。它的传染性是艾滋病毒的50到100倍。它是世界上最常见的肝脏感染,由一种dna病毒,即乙型肝炎病毒引起,并通过血液、精液、阴道液和粘膜在人与人之间传播。有必要了解乙型肝炎的基本知识;有了更多的知识,人们就会采取预防乙型肝炎的行动,例如使用防棍插管。本研究的总体目的是评估赞比亚恩多拉教学医院非正式护理人员对HBV感染的知识、态度和行为。方法:于2020年6月至2020年9月在恩多拉教学医院进行横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样的方法,采用问卷访谈法对在妇科、外科和内科病房等候患者的18岁以上自愿的非正式护理人员进行调查。结果:采用预测问卷对恩多拉教学医院的165名非正式护理人员进行了访谈。受访的最高年龄组(44.2%)为25至34岁。其中,中等以上文化程度者占52.1%,女性占63.0%。大多数非正式护理人员(53.3%)对乙型肝炎感染的了解仅为平均水平。非正式照顾者的受教育程度与乙型肝炎知识水平直接相关(p值<0.001)。绝大多数(87.3%)的非正式照护者对乙肝的态度良好。非正式照护者对乙肝的认知程度与其态度有直接关系(p值<0.001)。所有非正式护理人员(100%)对乙型肝炎有不良做法,大多数答复者159人(96.4%)未接种乙肝疫苗,只有6人(3.6%)接种了乙肝疫苗。结论:乙型肝炎是一个全球性的重大卫生问题,给卫生保健系统造成巨大负担,是患者痛苦的主要来源。这种疾病是可以预防的。在这项研究中,大多数参与者都有良好的态度,使知识成为他们实践的主要决定因素。因此,应采取初级预防措施,广泛和经常地向所有医院和诊所的所有非正式护理人员传授如何保护自己免受这种疾病的侵害。在保健中心(病房和门诊)张贴描绘非正式护理人员处理病人的正确方式的图画海报。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Hepatitis B among Informal Caregivers at Ndola Teaching Hospital
Introduction: Hepatitis B is a highly contagious infection. It is 50 to 100 times more infectious than HIV. It is the world’s most common liver infection, which is caused by a DNA-virus, the hepatitis B virus and is transmitted between people through blood, semen, vaginal fluids and mucous membranes. Basic knowledge about hepatitis B is necessary; with more knowledge people take preventive actions against hepatitis B, such as using stick proof cannulas. The general objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of HBV infection among informal caregivers at Ndola Teaching Hospital, Ndola, Zambia. Method: A Cross sectional study was carried out at Ndola Teaching Hospital from June 2020 to September 2020. Systematic random sampling was used using questionnaire based interviews to consenting informal caregivers above the age of 18 years who were waiting for their patients in Gynecological ward, surgical wards and internal medicine wards. Results: A total number of 165 informal caregivers at Ndola Teaching Hospital were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. The highest age group (44.2%) interviewed was between 25 to 34 years of age. The majority of informal caregivers (52.1%) went up to secondary education level and 63.0% of the informal caregivers were females. Most informal caregivers (53.3%) only had an average knowledge about hepatitis B infection. Informal caregiver’s education level was directly associated with the level of knowledge about Hepatitis B (p-value<0.001). Majority (87.3%) of the informal caregivers had good attitude towards hepatitis B. There was a direct association (p value <0.001) between informal caregiver’s knowledge on hepatitis B with their attitude. All the informal caregivers (100%) had bad practices on Hepatitis B and majority of the respondents 159 (96.4%) were not vaccinated only 6 (3.6%) were vaccinated against HBV. Conclusion: Hepatitis B is a major health problem globally casting an enormous burden on the health-care system a major source of patient’s misery. This illness or disease is preventable. In this study, the majority of the participants had good attitudes making knowledge as the main determinant of their practices. Therefore, primary prevention approach be taken by extensively and frequently teaching all informal care givers in all hospitals and clinics on how to protect themselves from the disease. Pictorial Posters depicting the proper way of handling patients by informal caregivers be displayed in health centers (wards and OPDs).
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