高等教育机构的财务保障:国外经验

Veronika Chernehа
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摘要

国民经济在现代世界经济体系中的竞争力取决于国家科学的发展水平。因此,足够的科学经费水平是有效利用科学潜力作为经济发展的主导因素的主要条件之一。在知识经济中,公共科学资助被视为对未来的投资,最终将为整个社会带来高额红利。为了成功地发挥作用,需要向教育领域提供足够的财政资源。教育财政是关于各种财政资源或资金的资金的形成、分配和使用的货币关系系统。由于这些关系在教育活动中的实施,形成了各种财政资源基金,其目的是确保教育系统机构的有效运作。近几十年来,世界范围内高等教育的融资发生了重大变化。总的来说,这些变化是由于高等教育的财政支持成本每年都在增加,而高等教育成本的增长速度并没有提供满足所有需求的机会。因此,世界上大多数高等教育机构开始面临缺乏实施教育活动的财政资源的问题。主要问题是对资源的需求在快速增长,而国家的财政支持却没有变化甚至减少。本文考察了经济发达国家高等教育财政供给的特殊性。高等教育的财政供给与国家经济发展水平的相互依存关系得到了证实。研究了乌克兰和世界各国高等教育经费筹措问题;高校财政资源多元化的途径世界各国高等教育支出的现状和趋势。已经提出了改善乌克兰高等教育机构财政供应的建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
FINANCIAL SECURITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
The competitiveness of the national economy in the modern system of the world economy depends on the level of development of national science. Therefore, a sufficient level of appropriations for science is one of the main conditions for the effective use of scientific potential as a leading factor of economic development. In the knowledge economy, public funding of science is seen as an investment in the future, which will ultimately bring high dividends to society as a whole. In order to function successfully, the field of education needs to be provided with sufficient amounts of financial resources. Education finance is a system of monetary relations regarding the formation, distribution and use of various financial resources or funds of funds. As a result of the implementation of these relations in educational activity, various funds of financial resources are formed, the purpose of which is to ensure the effective functioning of institutions of the education system. In recent decades, the financing of higher education has undergone significant changes throughout the world. In general, these changes are caused by the fact that the costs of financial support for higher education increase every year, and the rate of growth of higher education costs does not provide an opportunity to meet all needs. Accordingly, the majority of higher education institutions in the world began to face the problem of lack of financial resources for the implementation of educational activities. The main problem turned out to be that the needs for resources were growing rapidly, while the financial support of the state remained unchanged or even decreased. The article examines the peculiarities of financial provision of higher education in economically developed countries. The interdependence of the financial provision of higher education and the level of economic development of the state is substantiated. The problems of financing higher education in Ukraine and the countries of the world were studied; ways of diversifying sources of financial resources of higher educational institutions; state and trends of expenditures on higher education in the countries of the world. Proposals for improving the financial provision of higher education institutions in Ukraine have been submitted.
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