A magyarországi hústermékek világpiaci pozíciójának alakulása

A hustermeles stagnalt az elmult evekben, mikozben a hus-kulkereskedelem az europai unios csatlakozashoz kotődő valtozasok folytan dinamikusan emelkedett. Ennek koszonhetően a kulkereskedelem szerepe a husiparban egyre meghatarozobb. A kulkereskedelem bővulese az agazaton beluli kereskedelem erősodeset eredmenyezte. A legfrissebb – 2011-es – adatok alapjan egyetlen olyan termek volt a termekcsoporton belul, melyet exportaltak, de nem importaltak, a tobbi termeknel a ketiranyu csere volt jellemző. A tanulmany tobb szempontbol elemzi a hustermekek kulkereskedelmenek alakulasat. Az elemzes eredmenyei alapjan a termekcsoport kulkereskedelmi pozicioja sikeresnek mondhato. A termekszintű vizsgalat azonositja a kulkereskedelemben versenykepesnek tekinthető legfontosabb hustermekeket, melyek kore a 2000-es evek kozepe ota szamottevően nem valtozott. A kiemelkedően jo kulkereskedelmi pozicioju termekek alapvetően baromfi- es serteshustermekek, melyek 2011-ben a husexport 59,7%-at, a hus-kulkereskedelemnek pedig az 50,7%-at adtak. Az agazaton beluli kereskedelem vizsgalata kapcsan a tanulmany azonositja a kozel azonos export- es importaru termekeket (horizontalis termekdifferencialtsag), melyeknel a hazai ertekesites importtal szembeni preferalasa lenne celszerű a magyar husipar altalanos versenykepessegi problemainak megoldasaval parhuzamosan, mivel azok a hazai hustermekek piaci poziciojat, nemzetkozi versenykepesseget gyengitik. -------------------- In recent years meat production has stagnated, while its foreign trade has dynamically increased as a result of the accession to the European Union (EU). This is why the role of foreign trade in the meat industry is more and more important. The increase of foreign trade has resulted in the strengthening of intra-industrial trade (IIT). On the basis of the latest data (2011) there was only one product within the group of products which was exported but not imported by Hungary. For the other products two-way trade was characteristic. This paper analyses the tendency of the foreign trade of meat products from several points of view. On the basis of the analysis the foreign trade position of meat products is more or less successful. Investigation on the level of products identifies the meat products most competitive in foreign trade. The circle of these products has not changed considerably since the mid-2000s. The products characterising a prominently good foreign trade position are essentially meat of domestic poultry and pigs. They had a 59.7% share in meat exports and a 50.7% proportion in the meat foreign trade in 2011. In connection with the intra-industrial trade analysis the paper identifies the products characterising near the same export and import price (horizontal IIT) by which preference of domestic sales would be practical as opposed to imports in parallel with the solving of the general competitiveness problem of the Hungarian meat industry, because those weaken the market position and international competitiveness of the Hungarian meat products.