在乌克兰公共采购中使用电子系统ProZorro的特点:问题和克服方法

N. Ponomarenko, Christina Voznyakovska, Julia Nemish
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摘要

摘要:本文的目的是研究乌克兰电子公共采购系统ProZorro运作中存在的问题,并为尽量减少投标程序领域的滥用问题提出建议。研究方法:本文采用一般的科学研究方法,特别是:综合分析——在科学文献的研究和确定电子公共采购系统ProZorro的特点;经济和统计分析与比较-与乌克兰的公共采购指标;泛化-在电子系统ProZorro的公共采购领域制定最小化滥用的建议时。科学的新颖性:是确定公共采购领域中滥用权力以获取非法利益的主要机制:合同的碎片化和次门槛贸易程序的发展以及将其最小化的方法的合理性。特别是,文章证实,非竞争性招标报价具有很高的腐败风险,并导致商品、服务和工程的供应价格虚高。建议修改乌克兰“公共采购法”,以禁止在招标后签订额外协议;禁止在招标公告后更改招标条件和招标文件;禁止将货物合并为一个批次,并设置交付货物的最高付款期限超过30个日历天。结论:该研究得出结论,电子公共采购系统ProZorro对乌克兰公共采购的发展产生了积极影响,因为它提高了招标和招标程序的透明度,扩大了中小企业参与招标的机会等等。然而,乌克兰执法和司法系统的不足之处,首先是ProZorro系统内外的公共采购系统中频频出现的腐败案件。通过修改乌克兰《公共采购法》,可以消除公共采购系统中的腐败计划。关键词:公共采购,ProZorro,投标,投标报价,电子投标,竞争性和非竞争性程序
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Features of using the electronic system ProZorro in public procurement in Ukraine: problems and ways to overcome them
Summary The purpose of the article is to study the problematic aspects of the functioning of the electronic public procurement system ProZorro in Ukraine and to develop proposals for minimizing abuses in the field of tender procedures. Research methods: The article uses general scientific research methods, in particular: synthesis analysis – in the study of scientific literature and determining the features of the electronic public procurement system ProZorro; economic and statistical analysis and comparison – with indicators of public procurement in Ukraine; generalization – when developing recommendations for minimizing abuses in the field of public procurement within the electronic system ProZorro. Scientific novelty: is to determine the main mechanisms of abuse in the field of public procurement in order to obtain illegal benefits: the fragmentation of contracts and the development of sub-threshold trade procedures and justification of ways to minimize them. In particular, in the article It is substantiated that non-competitive tender offers carry high corruption risks and lead to inflated prices for the supply of goods, services and works. It is proposed to amend the Law of Ukraine «On Public Procurement» in order to prohibit the conclusion of additional agreements after the tender; prohibition to change the conditions of the tender and tender documentation after the announcement of tenders; prohibitions to combine goods into one lot and set maximum payment terms for delivered goods for more than 30 calendar days. Conclusions: The study concludes that the electronic public procurement system ProZorro has a positive impact on the development of public procurement in Ukraine, as it increases the transparency of bidding and tender procedures, expands opportunities for participation in tenders of small and medium-sized businesses and more. However, shortcomings, first of all, in the law enforcement and judicial system of Ukraine are caused by frequent cases of corruption schemes in the public procurement system both within the ProZorro system and outside it. Elimination of corruption schemes in the public procurement system is possible subject to amendments to the Law of Ukraine «On Public Procurement». Keywords: public procurement, ProZorro, tender, tender offer, electronic bidding, competitive and non-competitive procedures.
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