The role of intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis in endometrial cancer: an integrative review

The increase in the incidence of endometrial neoplasms in the female population is associated with increased life expectancy and the lifestyle adopted in our daily lives. The way we eat influences the profile of our bacterial flora and the production of substances that can work as suppressor tumors or oncogenic. Dysbiosis leads to changes in the intestinal and vaginal bacterial barrier and promotes chronic inflammation and metabolic and hormonal changes that influence the carcinogenesis of gynecological tumors. Chemotherapy treatments can also change the composition of the intestinal microbiota and influence the efficacy and toxic effects, as well as the quality of life of these patients. The use of prebiotics, probiotics, or fecal transplantation can be useful both in prevention and in obtaining better results with chemotherapy treatment and better quality of life. The objective of this review is to provide further elucidation about the interaction mechanisms between the intestinal microbiota and the gynecological tract and assess future perspectives through the modification of the feeding pattern, use of prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal transplant both in the prevention and during the treatment of carrier patients of endometrial neoplasm.