基于事件的供应链网络建模:好咖啡的区块链

S. Bager, Boris Düdder, F. Henglein, Juan Manuel Hébert, Haiqin Wu
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引用次数: 7

摘要

区块链和分布式账本技术(BC/DLT)为分布式数据库提供去中心化治理、防篡改记录、高可用性和不可复制的数字资产,使其成为供应链管理的天然技术基础。在本文中,我们介绍了一种新的基于事件的供应链网络(SCNs)建模框架,包括生产过程。它通过安全转换扩展了McCarty的资源-事件-代理(REA)会计模型,在整个SCN中,保证认证的输出资源不能无中生有地数字化生产,但需要至少与生产的数量相同的认证输入资源。这将当前BC/DLT的无重复花费保证推广到物理资源及其生产的(数字孪生)。经过身份验证的人类或机器人物联网(IoT)参与者对不可变数据库上真实世界事件的真实性进行数字签名和加密承诺,而不必对其总体后果负责。用户可指定的解释,对应于数据库系统中的查询和分析功能,提供可审计的汇总信息,这些信息是从整个SCN中记录的事件中计算出来的。这包括对最终产品在生产过程、半成品、质量认证和运输过程中的多个阶段进行细致而可靠的跟踪。我们提出了一个端到端咖啡供应链的案例研究,该供应链跟踪从农民的咖啡樱桃到零售咖啡袋的细粒度和详细信息,涉及所有参与者。我们的模型处理产品的来源;可审计的可持续性、质量和贸易信息;从羊皮纸到绿咖啡再到烘培咖啡的生产流程;产品质量检测;农民认证;以及整个咖啡供应链的运输。它以实地工作为基础,涉及农民、合作社、加工商、贸易商、进口商和一家从哥伦比亚延伸到斯堪的纳维亚半岛的大型烘焙公司。其基于reality的建模是我们原型实现设计的基础,原型实现包括以太坊区块链代码、基于rdbms的服务器代码和web应用程序客户端。他们的源代码在GitHub上是公开的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Event-Based Supply Chain Network Modeling: Blockchain for Good Coffee
Blockchain and distributed ledger technology (BC/DLT) provides distributed databases with decentralized governance, tamper-proof recording, high availability and non-copyable digital assets, which have made it a natural technological basis for supply chain management. In this paper, we introduce REALISTIC, a novel event-based modeling framework for supply chain networks (SCNs) that includes production processes. It extends McCarty’s Resources-Events-Agents (REA) accounting model with secure transformations, which, across the entire SCN, guarantee that certified output resources cannot be digitally produced ex nihilo, but require certified input resources of at least the same amount as what is produced. This generalizes the no-double-spend guarantee of current BC/DLT to (digital twins of) physical resources and their production. Authenticated human or robotic Internet of Things (IoT) actors digitally sign and cryptographically commit to the veracity of real-world events on an immutable database, without having to take responsibility for their aggregate consequences. User-specifiable interpretations, corresponding to queries and analytical functions in database systems, provide auditable aggregate information computed from recorded events across the entire SCN. This includes fine-grained and trustworthy tracing of final products through multiple stages of production processes, semi-finished products, quality certifications and transportation all the way back to their raw materials. We present a case study for an end-to-end coffee supply chain that tracks fine-grained and detailed information from a farmer’s coffee cherries to retail coffee bags, involving all its actors. Our model handles product provenance; auditable sustainability, quality and trade information; production processes from parchment via green to roasted coffee; product quality tests; farmer certifications; and transportation across the entire coffee supply chain. It is based on field work involving farmers, cooperatives, processors, traders, importers, and a major roasting company stretching from Colombia to Scandinavia. Its REALISTIC-based modeling is the foundation for the design of our prototype implementation, which includes Ethereum blockchain code, RDBMS-based server code and a web app client. Their source code is publicly available on GitHub.
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