Influence of Physical Exercise Program on Glycemic Status and Inflammatory Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: Physical activity has a positive effect on the regulation of diabetes mellitus and has been shown to have benefits in improving health. Aim: Examine the effects of physical activity on changes in glycemic parameters (glucose, HbA1C) and inflammatory parameters (leukocyte count (WBC), CRP) before and one month after the exercise program. Material and Methods: The study was designed as a prospective, analytical, and observational study. Results: T-test of paired samples assessed the impact of physical activity on glycemic and inflammatory parameters in subjects with confirmed Diabetes mellitus type 2 and in subjects without confirmed diabetes mellitus type 2. In subjects with confirmed diabetes the value of eta squared (ɳ2 - eta sqared) is 95%, which indicates a significant impact of physical activity on the change in glucose values and on the change of HbA1C value was indicated by the value of eta square of 93%. When it comes to inflammatory parameters, the impact of physical activity was found in the reduced number of WBC (ɳ2 = 88%), and in CRP (ɳ2 = 90%). In subjects without confirmed diabetes mellitus, a significant effect of physical activity on the change in glucose (ɳ2 = 94%) and HbA1C (ɳ2 = 77%). The influence of physical activity on the reduction of leukocyte count was proven by ɳ2 - eta sqared test (ɳ2 = 66%), as well as a decrease in CRP (ɳ2 = 30%). Conclusion: This study showed a significant impact of physical activity on the reduction of elevated glycemic and inflammatory parameters.